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In this section, our goal is to list some of the best and most useful Embedded Systems related documents (papers, theses, etc) available for free on the web in pdf format (you'll need a pdf reader to view them). Add a document to the list.

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CPU Memory

By Ulrich Drepper

Abstract:

As CPU cores become both faster and more numerous, the limiting factor for most programs is now, and will be for some time, memory access. Hardware designers have come up with ever more sophisticated memory handling and acceleration techniques–such as CPU caches–but these cannot work optimally without some help from the programmer. Unfortunately, neither the structure nor the cost of using the memory subsystem of a computer or the caches on CPUs is well understood by most programmers. This paper explains the structure of memory subsystems in use on modern commodity hardware, illustrating why CPU caches were developed, how they work, and what programs should do to achieve optimal performance by utilizing them.

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