ANCS and HID: Controlling Your iPhone From Zephyr
In this blog post, we see how certain BLE services can be used to control an iPhone from a Nordic nRF52840 using The Zephyr Project. Specifically, we see how to control certain multimedia functionality using the HID service. Finally, we learn how to use the ANCS client library provided by Nordic in The Zephyr Project to accept or decline an incoming call.
Linear Feedback Shift Registers for the Uninitiated, Part II: libgf2 and Primitive Polynomials
Introduction to Microcontrollers - Further Beginnings
Embedded Programming Basics This tutorial entry will discuss some further embedded programming basics that you will need to understand before proceeding on to the LED blinky and other example programs. We will do this by looking at the...
Assembly language is best - except when it isn’t
A look at why writing in C often produces more efficient code than hand-written assembly language.
Getting Started with (Apache) NuttX RTOS Part 2 - Looking Inside and Creating Your Customized Image
Linear Feedback Shift Registers for the Uninitiated, Part VI: Sing Along with the Berlekamp-Massey Algorithm
The last two articles were on discrete logarithms in finite fields — in practical terms, how to take the state \( S \) of an LFSR and its characteristic polynomial \( p(x) \) and figure out how many shift steps are required to go from the...
Lost Secrets of the H-Bridge, Part III: Practical Issues of Inductor and Capacitor Ripple Current
We've been analyzing the ripple current in an H-bridge, both in an inductive load and the DC link capacitor. Here's a really quick recap; if you want to get into more details, go back and read part I and part II until you've got equations coming...
Linear Feedback Shift Registers for the Uninitiated, Part X: Counters and Encoders
Embedded Developers, Ditch Your IDEs – Here’s Why!
Ditching your Integrated Development Environment (IDE) temporarily can be a transformative learning experience in embedded development. This post invites you to explore the underpinnings of IDEs by delving into alternative tools and processes like Makefile, CMake, Vim, GDB, and OpenOCD. Understanding these tools can demystify the background operations of IDEs, revealing the intricacies of compiling, linking, and debugging. This journey into the “under the hood” aspects of development is not just about learning new tools, but also about gaining a deeper appreciation for the convenience and efficiency that IDEs provide. By stepping out of your comfort zone and experimenting with these alternatives, you can sharpen your skills, enhance your knowledge, and possibly discover a more tailored and streamlined development experience. Whether you're a novice or a seasoned developer, this exploration promises insights and revelations that can elevate your embedded development journey.
Unraveling the Enigma: Object Detection in the World of Pixels
Exploring the realm of embedded systems co-design for object recognition, this blog navigates the convergence of hardware and software in revolutionizing industries. Delving into real-time image analysis and environmental sensing, the discussion highlights advanced object detection and image segmentation techniques. With insights into Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) decoding pixel data and autonomously extracting features, the blog emphasizes their pivotal role in modern computer vision. Practical examples, including digit classification using TensorFlow and Keras on the MNIST dataset, underscore the power of CNNs. Through industry insights and visualization aids, the blog unveils a tapestry of innovation, charting a course towards seamless interaction between intelligent embedded systems and the world.
There's a State in This Machine!
An introduction to state machines and their implementation. Working from an intuitive definition of the state machine concept, we will start with a straightforward implementation then we evolve it into a more robust and engineered solution.
How Embedded Linux is used in Spacecrafts !
This article dives into the application of Linux in spacecraft, examining the challenges it poses and proposing potential solutions. Real-life examples will be discussed, while also addressing the drawbacks of employing Linux in safety-critical missions.
Getting Started With Zephyr: Bluetooth Low Energy
In this blog post, I show how to enable BLE support in a Zephyr application. First, I show the necessary configuration options in Kconfig. Then, I show how to use the Zephyr functions and macros to create a custom service and characteristic for a contrived application.
++i and i++ : what’s the difference?
Although the ++ and -- operators are well known, there are facets of their operation and implementation that are less familiar to many developers.
The Asimov Protocol
While the Internet is choke-full of explanations of basic data communication protocols, very little is said about the higher levels of packing, formatting, and exchanging information in a useful and practical way. This less-charted land is still fraught with strange problems, whose solutions may be found in strange places – in this example, a very short, 60 years old Science Fiction story.
Ten Little Algorithms, Part 7: Continued Fraction Approximation
In this article we explore the use of continued fractions to approximate any particular real number, with practical applications.
3 Overlooked Embedded Software Elements
Have you ever wondered, while you and your team are busy writing software if the foundation of how embedded software systems are built has changed and left you in the dust? What if while you were busily focusing on getting your product out the...
Ten Little Algorithms, Part 3: Welford's Method (and Friends)
Other articles in this series: Part 1: Russian Peasant Multiplication Part 2: The Single-Pole Low-Pass Filter Last time we talked about a low-pass filter, and we saw that a one-line algorithm could filter out high-frequency noise, and...
Introduction to Microcontrollers - Buttons and Bouncing
[quicklinks] What Is A Button? To your hardware, that is. As discussed in Introduction to Microcontrollers - More On GPIO, a button (or key, or switch, or any form of mechanical contact) is generally hooked up to a microcontroller...
Finite State Machines (FSM) in Embedded Systems (Part 5) - From One FSM to Many
Traditionally, complex systems are implemented using multi-threading and mutexes. Trying to scale up this approach usually results in a nightmare of data races and hidden bugs. A single Finite State Machine may bring order to chaos in applications, but cannot be scaled beyond a limit. In this installment, we explore the Actor Model: a shift from shared state to communicating state machines. Discover how treating FSMs as independent, message-passing entities can eliminate concurrency issues, simplify testing, and improve your embedded architecture.
The Data Problem Slowing Down Semiconductor Adoption
Silicon is shipping faster than ever. Devices are not. The 18 to 36 month gap between a chip becoming available and a product reaching the market is now almost entirely software integration, written by hand, rewritten for every operating system and every safety target. The fix isn't more engineers or better tools. It's better data, and a shared way to describe how chips actually behave.
Small Language Models (SLMs): The Future of AI is Smaller, Faster, and Closer to the Edge
AI industry is shifting from a "bigger is better" mentality to a focus on efficiency, localization, and real-world utility. The article argues that the AI industry is pivoting from massive, cloud-bound models toward Small Language Models (SLMs) designed for efficiency, speed, and edge deployment. Driven by the need to overcome cloud-centric hurdles like high latency, bandwidth costs, and privacy risks, SLMs (ranging from 100M to 14B parameters) leverage architectural innovations such as quantization, sparse attention, and high-quality synthetic data to deliver specialized intelligence on local hardware. Rather than replacing large models, SLMs represent a shift toward a hybrid intelligence future where the cloud provides depth while the edge provides real-time, sustainable action, ultimately moving the focus of AI progress from raw parameter count to practical, real-world utility.
Graphical medicine
Although an appealing user interface is a good option for any device, in medical applications it can be a life saver.
Simulating Your Embedded Project on Your Computer (Part 2)
Having a simulation of your embedded project is like having a superpower that improves the quality and pace of your development ten times over! To be useful, though, it can't take longer to develop the simulation than it takes to develop the application code and for many simulation techniques "the juice isn't worth the squeeze"! In the last article, I showed you how to use the terminal (i.e. printf/getchar) to easily make a completely functional simulation. In this article, we'll take simulation to the next level, either in terms of realism (by using virtual hardware) or in terms of user experience (by using a GUI to simulate our hardware, instead of using the terminal).
