[Missing F'up2 reduction. Fixed.]

In comp.arch.embedded Matt <jrefactors@hotmail.com> wrote:
> The chip (SIM ?) inside the smart card is considered as firmware? 

The chip itself: no.  But there will typically be some firmware *on*
that chip.  It's the possibility of putting firmware (i.e. software
that isn't quite as soft as some others) on it that makes this card a
"smart" one.

Trying to interpret much into a term like "firmware" is futile.  It's
not a standardized, well-defined term to begin with, so everybody
feels free to do with it whatever they want.  It can mean anything
from "the data burnt into an FPGA to make it do what I want" to
"software contained in a device which is harder to exchange than other
pieces of software running on the same device."

-- 
Hans-Bernhard Broeker (broeker@physik.rwth-aachen.de)
Even if all the snow were burnt, ashes would remain.

Matt wrote:

> The chip (SIM ?) inside the smart card is considered as firmware? My
> understanding is that firmware means software on ROM. Or can we say
> embedded software? I am confused with those terms.

Take it lightly, they are purely conventional terms. An embedded 
designer will write the 'software' for his intelligent peripheral, then 
the PC programmer will talk about the interface between his software and 
the other's firmware. Even hardware.... if the program of a 
microcontroller implemented in an FPGA is 'firmware', what's the fuse map?

Paul Burke

Anne & Lynn Wheeler wrote:

> i think much of the smartcard protection profile has to do with
> loading programming into eeprom/flash and the operation of the loaded
> programming ... and frequently the partitioning provisions for
> multiple different loaded functions.
> http://niap.nist.gov/cc-scheme/pp/PP_SCSUGSMPP_V3.0.html
> http://www.cse-cst.gc.ca/en/services/ccs/SCSUG_PP_v30.html
> http://www.gammassl.co.uk/topics/OP3-ICCC2.html

Another site that may be useful is:-

 http://www.smartcardalliance.org/

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jrefactors@hotmail.com (Matt) writes:
> The chip (SIM ?) inside the smart card is considered as firmware? My
> understanding is that firmware means software on ROM. Or can we say
> embedded software? I am confused with those terms.
>
> Please advise. thanks!!

a lot of these chips have eeprom where data &/or programming can be
loaded (depending on chip rom you have).

i think much of the smartcard protection profile has to do with
loading programming into eeprom/flash and the operation of the loaded
programming ... and frequently the partitioning provisions for
multiple different loaded functions.
http://niap.nist.gov/cc-scheme/pp/PP_SCSUGSMPP_V3.0.html
http://www.cse-cst.gc.ca/en/services/ccs/SCSUG_PP_v30.html
http://www.gammassl.co.uk/topics/OP3-ICCC2.html

an issue is that the evaluation typically is of the provisions for
loading programs ... as opposed to evaluation of the chip with the
loaded programs.

frequently they are referred to as multi-app tokens ... which is
slightly misleading ... because multi-app tends to be defined as use
with external applications. the more accurate designation tends to be
multi-function tokens ... although not strictly requiring program
loading ... the multi-function tokens that i'm aware of tend to be
programming loaded into eeprom.

note that most embedded implementations tend to refer to the
programming loaded into eeprom/flash as firmware ... to distinquish it
from "regular" software .... example is bios on most PCs.

-- 
Anne & Lynn Wheeler | http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/

jrefactors@hotmail.com (Matt) wrote in 
news:ba8a039e.0411300800.72d15a93@posting.google.com:

> The chip (SIM ?) inside the smart card is considered as firmware? My
> understanding is that firmware means software on ROM. Or can we say
> embedded software? I am confused with those terms.

Generally, you have as a bsis a smart card OS, which could be considered 
firmware.  Many cards also have applications loaded onto them, which might 
be considered software.  Also, in some schemes, the card reader will 
download a temporary application to a card and execute it, but it won't be 
permanantly stored on the card.

Hope that doesn't confuse more than it helps.

Jeff.

Matt wrote:
> The chip (SIM ?) inside the smart card is considered as firmware? My
> understanding is that firmware means software on ROM. Or can we say
> embedded software? I am confused with those terms.
> 
> Please advise. thanks!!

My take:

Some things are clearly hardware (e.g. TTL logic, chips in general).
Other things are clearly software (e.g. Windows).  Stuff that doesn't
fit either category, but is somewhere in between (e.g. BIOS, or code
contained on a smart card -- but not the card itself) is firmware.

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