faz wrote:

> On Dec 4, 12:39 pm, Christof Klaiber <christof.klai...@merath-
> maschinen.de> wrote:
> 
>>Am Mon, 03 Dec 2007 21:18:36 -0800 schrieb faz:
>>
>>
>>>Can u pls suggest the method or formula to calculate number of
>>>processor clock cycles for each instructions ?It will be greatful to
>>>knew this as i have referred the Intel data sheets which includes.I am
>>>eager to knew how they r calculating it.
>>
>>They don't calculate it, they design the cpu accordingly.
>>
>>/Christof
> 
> 
> Suppose if i have the CPU deisgn then to verify clock cycles per
> instructions...I have to run the instruction am i right??I am thinking
> of some short cut method without running each instruction since it is
> my design i knew all the parameters...Is there any method available??

What are you actually trying to do ?

If it is your design, then the short-cut is to simply look at your 
design notes, and it will, of course, be clearly detailed there :)

Of course, if you designed a CPU, you WILL need to run each instruction,
in order to confirm it DOES work as you hoped.

I'm curious: How can you design a CPU, and NOT know the cycles per 
instruction ?

=jg

faz wrote:

> Hai all,
> 
> Can u pls suggest the method or formula to calculate number of
> processor clock cycles for each instructions ?It will be greatful to
> knew this as i have referred the Intel data sheets which includes.I am
> eager to knew how they r calculating it.

I have seen processors that figure from several instructions per cycle  down
to several cycles per instruction. The information is all in the data
manual for the processor concerned. If you need to be accurate you have no
short-cut to counting each type of instruction, multiplying by the cycles
each takes and totallising for all instruction types.

If you just want an approximate average then look at the mix of instructions
you use and how long they take. Whilst not a very precise method it will
get you a feel for the ballpark.

-- 
********************************************************************
Paul E. Bennett...............<email://Paul_E.Bennett@topmail.co.uk>
Forth based HIDECS Consultancy
Mob: +44 (0)7811-639972
Tel: +44 (0)1235-811095
Going Forth Safely ..... EBA. www.electric-boat-association.org.uk..
********************************************************************

On Tue, 04 Dec 2007 00:07:27 -0800, faz wrote:

> On Dec 4, 12:39 pm, Christof Klaiber <christof.klai...@merath-
> maschinen.de> wrote:
>> Am Mon, 03 Dec 2007 21:18:36 -0800 schrieb faz:
>>
>> > Can u pls suggest the method or formula to calculate number of
>> > processor clock cycles for each instructions ?It will be greatful to
>> > knew this as i have referred the Intel data sheets which includes.I
>> > am eager to knew how they r calculating it.
>>
>> They don't calculate it, they design the cpu accordingly.
>>
>> /Christof
> 
> Suppose if i have the CPU design then to verify clock cycles per
> instructions...I have to run the instruction am i right??I am thinking
> of some short cut method without running each instruction since it is my
> design i knew all the parameters...Is there any method available??

On the one hand, the operations a CPU needs to undertake to execute an 
instruction are built in pretty early in the CPU design; this isn't some 
superficial thing like paint color.

On the other hand, while in a non-pipelined CPU an instruction's 
execution time would be fixed by the operations, in pipelined CPUs a 
particular instruction's total time is not only longer than it's average 
cycle time, but both the total time and the 'average' cycle time are 
heavily dependent on the instructions that are executed before and after 
the instruction in question.

-- 
Tim Wescott
Control systems and communications consulting
http://www.wescottdesign.com

Need to learn how to apply control theory in your embedded system?
"Applied Control Theory for Embedded Systems" by Tim Wescott
Elsevier/Newnes, http://www.wescottdesign.com/actfes/actfes.html

faz wrote:
> 
> Can u pls suggest the method or formula to calculate number of
> processor clock cycles for each instructions ?It will be greatful to
> knew this as i have referred the Intel data sheets which includes.I am
> eager to knew how they r calculating it.

I can.  But u hasn't posted here for years.  Read the chip
specification.  Study the spelling.  Put blanks after punctuation. 
Look up the proper spelling for 'pls', 'r'.  Learn not to confuse
posts for no reason.

-- 
 Chuck F (cbfalconer at maineline dot net)
   <http://cbfalconer.home.att.net>
   Try the download section.



-- 
Posted via a free Usenet account from http://www.teranews.com

On Dec 4, 6:18 am, faz <fazulu.v...@gmail.com> wrote:
> Hai all,
>
> Can u pls suggest the method or formula to calculate number of
> processor clock cycles for each instructions ?It will be greatful to
> knew this as i have referred the Intel data sheets which includes.I am
> eager to knew how they r calculating it.
>
> regards,
> fazal

Hi Fazal,

Each instruction cycle is made up of no. of machine cycles and each
machine cycle is made of of processor clock cycles. So, to calculate
no. of clock cycles for an instruction, first you need to know what
kind of addressing the instruction is for e.g. you have immediate
addressing, indirect addressing , implicit addressing and so on. And
each addressing will take fixed no. of machine cycles.

Hope it helps

-Dk

If you have your own CPU-design, this is trivial if you know whare you
are doing...

The operating frequency and the word-width have nothing to do with the
value you are looking for. If you want to use this value to compare it
against other CPU-designs, then the compete facts are of course nice
to have.

The number of clock cycles per instructions depends on how you have
implemented your CPU and only you know that. If you are looking for an
average number just look into your design. I'll give you a hint on
what you are looking for.

You do NOT have to run the CPU to find out this value.

For a simple example: if your machine has 5 instructions: LOAD, STORE,
ADD, CMP, BNE
Each instruction can either be a single-cycle instructions or multi-
cycle instructions. If all your instructions are trivial and does not
use multiple memory accesses to external memory probably they can all
be single-cycle instructions. In this case the average "clock cycle/
instruction" will of course be 1.

For another example lets say we use the same machine as above but the
LOAD and STORE instructions does external memory access so they need
wait-states/delay-states and uses 5 clockcycles each the calculation
is:

LOAD => 5cc
STORE => 5cc
ADD => 1cc
CMP => 1cc
BNE => 1cc

To get the average "clock cycles/instruction" we first sum those and
then divide the sum with the number of instructions:

5+5+1+1+1 = 13

13/5 => 2.6 clockcycles/instruction is the value for this imaginary
CPU.

So just look into your RTL-code (verilog or VHDL) and calculate this
value by hand.

Another method you could use (more statistical) would be to instead
run a bigger "standard" program where you would get the average usge
for each instructions of your instruction set. Then calculate the same
type of average as above but taking into account how often each
instructions is used. This would give you a more correct value on
programs running.

Anyone elsem how does the tow methods above sound?

Best Regards
Magnus Wedmark

> Suppose if i have the CPU deisgn then to verify clock cycles per
> instructions...I have to run the instruction am i right??I am thinking
> of some short cut method without running each instruction since it is
> my design i knew all the parameters...Is there any method available??

On Dec 4, 1:07 pm, faz <fazulu.v...@gmail.com> wrote:
> On Dec 4, 12:39 pm, Christof Klaiber <christof.klai...@merath-
>
> maschinen.de> wrote:
> > Am Mon, 03 Dec 2007 21:18:36 -0800 schrieb faz:
>
> > > Can u pls suggest the method or formula to calculate number of
> > > processor clock cycles for each instructions ?It will be greatful to
> > > knew this as i have referred the Intel data sheets which includes.I am
> > > eager to knew how they r calculating it.
>
> > They don't calculate it, they design the cpu accordingly.
>
> > /Christof
>
> Suppose if i have the CPU deisgn then to verify clock cycles per
> instructions...I have to run the instruction am i right??I am thinking
> of some short cut method without running each instruction since it is
> my design i knew all the parameters...Is there any method available??

Aare you trying  to calculate without running each(any) instruction ?

Karthik Balaguru

"faz" <fazulu.vlsi@gmail.com> wrote in message 
news:a36c2453-1a60-4451-b1e4-75cd4ef8b2c5@a39g2000pre.googlegroups.com...
> On Dec 4, 12:39 pm, Christof Klaiber <christof.klai...@merath-
> maschinen.de> wrote:
>> Am Mon, 03 Dec 2007 21:18:36 -0800 schrieb faz:
>>
>> > Can u pls suggest the method or formula to calculate number of
>> > processor clock cycles for each instructions ?It will be greatful to
>> > knew this as i have referred the Intel data sheets which includes.I am
>> > eager to knew how they r calculating it.
>>
>> They don't calculate it, they design the cpu accordingly.
>>
>> /Christof
>
> Suppose if i have the CPU deisgn then to verify clock cycles per
> instructions...I have to run the instruction am i right??I am thinking
> of some short cut method without running each instruction since it is
> my design i knew all the parameters...Is there any method available??

Cycle counts for instructions are usually included in the manual.

RTFM early, RTFM often.

"faz" <fazulu.vlsi@gmail.com> wrote in message 
news:7cde5c3e-0208-4638-b608-1e7203774b8d@e23g2000prf.googlegroups.com...
> On Dec 4, 12:34 pm, Arlet Ottens <usene...@c-scape.nl> wrote:
>> faz wrote:
>> > Hai all,
>>
>> > Can u pls suggest the method or formula to calculate number of
>> > processor clock cycles for each instructions ?It will be greatful to
>> > knew this as i have referred the Intel data sheets which includes.I am
>> > eager to knew how they r calculating it.
>>
>> The first, and most important, step is to figure out what CPU you are 
>> using.
>
> My CPU clock frequency is 33Mhz,It has 16bit data and 20 bit address
> lines

And the name of the processor is...?

On Dec 4, 12:39 pm, Christof Klaiber <christof.klai...@merath-
maschinen.de> wrote:
> Am Mon, 03 Dec 2007 21:18:36 -0800 schrieb faz:
>
> > Can u pls suggest the method or formula to calculate number of
> > processor clock cycles for each instructions ?It will be greatful to
> > knew this as i have referred the Intel data sheets which includes.I am
> > eager to knew how they r calculating it.
>
> They don't calculate it, they design the cpu accordingly.
>
> /Christof

Suppose if i have the CPU deisgn then to verify clock cycles per
instructions...I have to run the instruction am i right??I am thinking
of some short cut method without running each instruction since it is
my design i knew all the parameters...Is there any method available??