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Memfault Beyond the Launch

Fast non-754 floating point library for Freescale 56F800E series

March 23, 2013 Coded in ASM for the Freescale DSP56F8xx

We wanted to use floating point but there was no FPU. This is modelled after AD's fast floating point system, with 16-bit manissa and 16-bit exponent, though not exactly the same. It runs about three times faster than regular IEEE754 software floating point. Mostly written in assembly, so only runs on the 56F8000 series of processors. Includes basic trigonometric functions (in C), etc., along with conversion, compare, and arithmetric.

The below from a user manual for our code. It doesn't look so good in plain text. Pdf format available if anyone wants it.

6
3
An Overview of FFloat Numbers
3.1
Format for FFloat Numbers
FFloat numbers are 32-bit
3
binary numbers. They are represented by a mantissa (a fractional
value) multiplied by a base number raised to an exponent (an integral value).
The mantissa is a signed two’s complement
4
16-bit binary number, and is represented by the
rightmost 16 bits of the FFloat number. It has a range between -2
15
(-32768, 0x8000)
5
and 2
15
-1
(32767, 0x7FFF), but is interpreted as a fractional value between -1 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).
To get the real fractional value, divide the FFloat mantissa value by 2
15
.
The exponent is also a signed two’s complement 16-bit binary number, and is represented by the
leftmost 16 bits of the FFloat number. Though we have 16 bits to work with, we will only be
using the bottom 8 bits to represent the exponent value, which means that the range of the
exponent is between –2
7
(-128, 0xFF80) and 2
7
-1 (127, 0x007F). The top 8 bits of the exponent
are sign bits: all ones for negative values, and all zeros for nonnegative values.
To get the real floating-point numerical value, we take the real fractional value of the FFloat
mantissa and multiply it by 2 raised to the exponent of the FFloat number:
numerical value = (FFloat mantissa/2
15
)
2^(FFloat exponent).
Even though we are only using 8 bits to represent the exponent, we can represent numbers
between 2
-128
(2.93
10
-39
) and 2
127
(1.70
10
38
), which is more than sufficient for our
calculations.
For convenience, we will represent FFloat numbers in hexadecimal rather than in binary, so that
only 8 digits, instead of 32, are needed (a hexadecimal number can be represented by a 4-bit
binary number).
3.2
Handling Exceptional Values
For FFloat numbers, there are three types of values that must be handled in a special manner:
zero, overflow values, and underflow values.
Zero: We have decided to set zero equal to 0xFF800000. The mantissa is zero, and the exponent
is set to its most negative value (-2
7
). It was determined that if zero is defined this way, our
FFloat addition and subtraction functions could be written without special exception handling for
adding or subtracting zero, thereby saving processing time.
Overflow: Occurs if the magnitude of an FFloat number is larger than 0x007F7FFF (for positive
values) or 0x007F8000 (for negative values). To check for overflow, the exponent of the FFloat
number is compared to the value 0x007F (2
7
-1)
6
. If the FFloat number is determined to be too
 
3
A bit is a 1 or 0.
4
See Appendix A (Section 6) for a more in-depth discussion on two’s complement.
5
By convention, hexadecimal numbers are preceded by the characters 0x.
6
We used the built-in assembly instruction cmp.w, which compares two 16-bit words.

7

#ifndef ALREADY_READ_FFLOATV2A_H
#define ALREADY_READ_FFLOATV2A_H

/*******************************************************************************
                          FFloat Number Definitions
*******************************************************************************/

	#define MINUSONEFF	0x00008000	//FFloat number -1
	#define ZEROFF		0xFF800000	//FFloat number 0
	#define ONEFF		0x00014000	//FFloat number 1
	#define TWOFF		0x00024000	//FFloat number 2
	#define THREEFF		0x00026000	//FFloat number 3
	#define FOURFF		0x00034000	//FFloat number 4
	#define FIVEFF		0x00035000	//FFloat number 5
	#define SIXFF		0x00036000	//FFloat number 6
	#define SEVENFF		0x00037000	//FFloat number 7
	#define EIGHTFF		0x00044000	//FFloat number 8
	#define NINEFF		0x00044800	//FFloat number 9
	#define TENFF		0x00045000	//FFloat number 10
	#define ELEVENFF	0x00045800	//FFloat number 11
	#define TWELVEFF	0x00046000	//FFloat number 12
	
	#define NOMINALBATVOLTAGE 0x00044800

/*******************************************************************************
                          FFloat Data Type Definition
*******************************************************************************/
typedef	unsigned char bool;
typedef long unsigned int ffloat;

/*******************************************************************************
                           FFloat FUNCTION PROTOTYPES
*******************************************************************************/

asm ffloat FFabs(register ffloat ffnum);
asm ffloat FFneg(register ffloat ffnum);
asm ffloat S16int2FFloat(register short int inum);
asm ffloat S32int2FFloat(register long int inum);
asm ffloat U32int2FFloat(register long unsigned int unum);
asm ffloat FFadd(register ffloat ffnum1,register ffloat ffnum2);
asm ffloat FFdiv(register ffloat ffnum1,register ffloat ffnum2);
asm short int FFloatTrunc2S16int(register ffloat ffnum);
asm short int FFloatRnd2S16int(register ffloat ffnum);
asm ffloat FFmult(register ffloat ffnum1,register ffloat ffnum2);
asm ffloat FFsub(register ffloat ffnum1,register ffloat ffnum2);
asm ffloat IEEE2FFloat(register float fnum);
float FFloat2IEEE(ffloat ffnum);
asm bool FFgt(register ffloat ffnum1, register ffloat ffnum2);
asm bool FFlt(register ffloat ffnum1, register ffloat ffnum2);
asm bool FFgte(register ffloat a, register ffloat b);
asm bool FFlte(register ffloat a, register ffloat b);
asm bool FFgtz(register ffloat ffnum);
asm bool FFltz(register ffloat ffnum);
asm bool FFeqz(register ffloat ffnum);
ffloat FFatan(ffloat xin);
ffloat FFsin(ffloat xin);
ffloat FFcos(ffloat xin);

#endif

**********************************************************
Function code begins below
**********************************************************

#include "FFloatV2A.h"

ffloat FFatan(ffloat xin)
{
    int k,klo,khi;
    ffloat xdiff0, xdiff1;
    ffloat x=xin;
static ffloat xlo = 0x0005b000;
static ffloat xhi = 0x00055000;
static ffloat ya[151] = {0x00019eaa, 0x00019eb5, 0x00019ec0, 0x00019ecc, 0x00019ed8, 0x00019ee4, 0x00019ef1, 0x00019efe, 0x00019f0c, 0x00019f19, 0x00019f28, 0x00019f36, 0x00019f46, 0x00019f55, 0x00019f66, 0x00019f76, 0x00019f88, 0x00019f99, 0x00019fac, 0x00019fbf, 0x00019fd3, 0x00019fe8, 0x00019ffd, 0x0001a013, 0x0001a02a, 0x0001a042, 0x0001a05b, 0x0001a075, 0x0001a090, 0x0001a0ac, 0x0001a0ca, 0x0001a0e9, 0x0001a109, 0x0001a12b, 0x0001a14e, 0x0001a173, 0x0001a19a, 0x0001a1c3, 0x0001a1ee, 0x0001a21c, 0x0001a24c, 0x0001a27f, 0x0001a2b5, 0x0001a2ef, 0x0001a32c, 0x0001a36d, 0x0001a3b3, 0x0001a3fd, 0x0001a44d, 0x0001a4a2, 0x0001a4ff, 0x0001a563, 0x0001a5d0, 0x0001a646, 0x0001a6c7, 0x0001a754, 0x0001a7f0, 0x0001a89d, 0x0001a95d, 0x0001aa33, 0x0001ab25, 0x0001ac37, 0x0001ad71, 0x0001aeda, 0x0001b07f, 0x0001b26e, 0x0001b4bc, 0x0001b785, 0x0001baf1, 0x0001bf38, 0x0000894e, 0x00009757, 0x0000a9a2, 0xffff8292, 0xffffbd49, 0xff800000, 0xffff42b6, 0xffff7d6d, 0x0000565d, 0x000068a8, 0x000076b1, 0x000140c7, 0x0001450e, 0x0001487a, 0x00014b43, 0x00014d91, 0x00014f80, 0x00015125, 0x0001528e, 0x000153c8, 0x000154da, 0x000155cc, 0x000156a2, 0x00015762, 0x0001580f, 0x000158ab, 0x00015938, 0x000159b9, 0x00015a2f, 0x00015a9c, 0x00015b00, 0x00015b5d, 0x00015bb2, 0x00015c02, 0x00015c4c, 0x00015c92, 0x00015cd3, 0x00015d10, 0x00015d4a, 0x00015d80, 0x00015db3, 0x00015de3, 0x00015e11, 0x00015e3c, 0x00015e65, 0x00015e8c, 0x00015eb1, 0x00015ed4, 0x00015ef6, 0x00015f16, 0x00015f35, 0x00015f53, 0x00015f6f, 0x00015f8a, 0x00015fa4, 0x00015fbd, 0x00015fd5, 0x00015fec, 0x00016002, 0x00016017, 0x0001602c, 0x00016040, 0x00016053, 0x00016066, 0x00016077, 0x00016089, 0x00016099, 0x000160aa, 0x000160b9, 0x000160c9, 0x000160d7, 0x000160e6, 0x000160f3, 0x00016101, 0x0001610e, 0x0001611b, 0x00016127, 0x00016133, 0x0001613f, 0x0001614a, 0x00016155};
static ffloat y2a[151] = {0xff800000, 0xfff443e4, 0xfff446b6, 0xfff449b0, 0xfff44cd5, 0xfff45029, 0xfff453af, 0xfff4576a, 0xfff45b5f, 0xfff45f92, 0xfff46408, 0xfff468c6, 0xfff46dd1, 0xfff47331, 0xfff478ec, 0xfff47f0a, 0xfff542c9, 0xfff54648, 0xfff54a06, 0xfff54e0a, 0xfff55259, 0xfff556fa, 0xfff55bf6, 0xfff56156, 0xfff56722, 0xfff56d66, 0xfff5742f, 0xfff57b8a, 0xfff641c3, 0xfff6461c, 0xfff64ad8, 0xfff65004, 0xfff655ac, 0xfff65be0, 0xfff662b0, 0xfff66a30, 0xfff67278, 0xfff67ba1, 0xfff742e5, 0xfff7488b, 0xfff74ed9, 0xfff755e6, 0xfff75dd0, 0xfff766ba, 0xfff770cc, 0xfff77c39, 0xfff8449e, 0xfff84c0f, 0xfff8549c, 0xfff85e7b, 0xfff869ef, 0xfff8774e, 0xfff9437f, 0xfff94cc5, 0xfff957cc, 0xfff96504, 0xfff974fc, 0xfffa4439, 0xfffa5032, 0xfffa5f16, 0xfffa71cd, 0xfffb44d0, 0xfffb542e, 0xfffb684a, 0xfffc4182, 0xfffc538f, 0xfffc6c5c, 0xfffd4779, 0xfffd5fe2, 0xfffe4133, 0xfffe5918, 0xfffe77b6, 0xffff4b62, 0xffff503a, 0xfffe707d, 0xff800000, 0xfffe8f82, 0xffffafc5, 0xffffb49d, 0xfffe8849, 0xfffea6e7, 0xfffebecc, 0xfffda01d, 0xfffdb886, 0xfffc93a3, 0xfffcac70, 0xfffcbe7d, 0xfffb97b5, 0xfffbabd1, 0xfffbbb2f, 0xfffa8e32, 0xfffaa0e9, 0xfffaafcd, 0xfffabbc6, 0xfff98b03, 0xfff99afb, 0xfff9a833, 0xfff9b33a, 0xfff9bc80, 0xfff888b1, 0xfff89610, 0xfff8a184, 0xfff8ab63, 0xfff8b3f0, 0xfff8bb61, 0xfff783c6, 0xfff78f33, 0xfff79945, 0xfff7a22f, 0xfff7aa19, 0xfff7b126, 0xfff7b774, 0xfff7bd1a, 0xfff6845e, 0xfff68d87, 0xfff695cf, 0xfff69d4f, 0xfff6a41f, 0xfff6aa53, 0xfff6affb, 0xfff6b527, 0xfff6b9e3, 0xfff6be3c, 0xfff58475, 0xfff58bd0, 0xfff59299, 0xfff598dd, 0xfff59ea9, 0xfff5a409, 0xfff5a905, 0xfff5ada6, 0xfff5b1f5, 0xfff5b5f9, 0xfff5b9b7, 0xfff5bd36, 0xfff480f5, 0xfff48713, 0xfff48cce, 0xfff4922e, 0xfff49739, 0xfff49bf7, 0xfff4a06d, 0xfff4a4a0, 0xfff4a895, 0xfff4ac50, 0xfff4afd6, 0xfff4b32a, 0xfff4b64f, 0xfff4b949, 0xfff4bc1b, 0xfff4bc1b};
static int numpoints = 151;
static ffloat h = 0xffff4444;
static ffloat hinv = 0x00027800;
    klo = FFloatTrunc2S16int(FFmult(FFsub(x,xlo),hinv));
    khi=klo+1;
if(FFlt(x,xlo)){
    return(ya[0]);
}else if(FFgt(x,xhi)){
    return(ya[numpoints-1]);
}
    xdiff0 = FFsub(x, FFadd(xlo, FFmult(h,S16int2FFloat(klo))));
    xdiff1 = FFsub(xdiff0, h);
    return ( FFadd(ya[klo], FFadd(FFmult(FFmult(FFsub(ya[khi],ya[klo]), hinv), xdiff0), FFmult(FFmult(y2a[khi], xdiff0), xdiff1))) );
}

ffloat FFcos(ffloat xin)
{
    int k,klo,khi;
    ffloat xdiff0, xdiff1;
    ffloat x=xin;
static ffloat xlo = 0x00029b78;
static ffloat xhi = 0x00026487;
static ffloat ya[31] = {0x00008000, 0x000082cc, 0x00008b10, 0x00009872, 0x0000aa59, 0xffff8000, 0xffffb0e4, 0xfffd94f6, 0xfffd6b09, 0xffff4f1b, 0x00004000, 0x000055a6, 0x0000678d, 0x000074ef, 0x00007d33, 0x00014000, 0x00007d33, 0x000074ef, 0x0000678d, 0x000055a6, 0x00004000, 0xffff4f1b, 0xfffd6b09, 0xfffd94f6, 0xffffb0e4, 0xffff8000, 0x0000aa59, 0x00009872, 0x00008b10, 0x000082cc, 0x00008000};
static ffloat y2a[31] = {0xff800000, 0xffff7cbe, 0xffff7481, 0xffff672d, 0xffff5556, 0xfffe7f88, 0xfffe4ed1, 0xfffc6aa5, 0xfffc955a, 0xfffeb12e, 0xfffe8077, 0xffffaaa9, 0xffff98d2, 0xffff8b7e, 0xffff8341, 0xffff8077, 0xffff8341, 0xffff8b7e, 0xffff98d2, 0xffffaaa9, 0xfffe8077, 0xfffeb12e, 0xfffc955a, 0xfffc6aa5, 0xfffe4ed1, 0xfffe7f88, 0xffff5556, 0xffff672d, 0xffff7481, 0xffff7cbe, 0xffff7cbe};
static int numpoints = 31;
static ffloat h = 0xfffe6b3b;
static ffloat hinv = 0x00034c64;
static ffloat pi2=0x00036487;
static ffloat pi2inv=0xfffe517c;
if(FFlt(xin,xlo)){
    x=FFadd(
     xin,
     FFmult(
     S16int2FFloat(
     FFloatTrunc2S16int(
            FFmult(
            FFsub(xhi,xin),
            pi2inv
           )
           )
    ),
     pi2
    )
    );
}else if(FFgt(xin,xhi)){
    x=FFsub(
     xin,
     FFmult(
     S16int2FFloat(
     FFloatTrunc2S16int(
            FFmult(
            FFsub(xin,xlo),
            pi2inv
           )
           )
    ),
     pi2
    )
    );
}
    klo = FFloatTrunc2S16int(FFmult(FFsub(x,xlo),hinv));
    khi=klo+1;
    xdiff0 = FFsub(x, FFadd(xlo, FFmult(h,S16int2FFloat(klo))));
    xdiff1 = FFsub(xdiff0, h);
    return ( FFadd(ya[klo], FFadd(FFmult(FFmult(FFsub(ya[khi],ya[klo]), hinv), xdiff0), FFmult(FFmult(y2a[khi], xdiff0), xdiff1))) );
}

//Return the negative of ffnum
asm ffloat FFneg(register ffloat ffnum) 
{
	move.w	A1,Y0		//store ffnum exp in Y0
	move.w	A0,A		//A holds mantissa of ffnum
	neg		A			//full 36-bit negate
	asr		A			//shift right to prevent overflow of clb
	jeq		Zero		//Don't normalize if zero
	
	//ffnum != 0
	clb 	A,X0		//Count sign bits
	asll.l 	X0,A		//Normalize
		
	sub 	X0,Y0		//Adjust exponent
	inc.w	Y0			//Return to normal scale	
		
	clb 	Y0,X0		//check number of sign bits in exponent
	cmp.w	#8,X0		//If less than 8 (exp > 8 bits),
	jlt		Exp_Err		//jump to exponent exception handler
		
Continue:	
	rtsd				//delayed return from subroutine
	move.w 	A1,A0		//Move mantissa of sum to lower word of ffnum1 (return value)
	move.w 	Y0,A1		//Move exponent to upper word of ffnum1 (return value)
	sxt.l	A			//Sign-extend A to 36 bits
	//end of main neg function
		
Zero: 
	rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three words
	move.w	#$FF80,A		//Set exp of sum to minimum
	clr.w	A0				//Set mantissa of sum to 0
	//end of zero handler			
		
Exp_Err:
	cmp.w	#$007F,Y0		
	jle		Underflow		//If not overflow, go to underflow check	
	tst.w	A1				//Positive or negative overflow?
	jlt		NegO			//If negative, go to negative handler
	move.w	#$007F,A		//Max out exponent
	rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three words
	move.w	#$7FFF,A0		//Max out mantissa
	nop						//Delay slot filler
	//end
			
NegO:
	move.w	#$007F,A		//Max out exponent
	rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three cycles
	move.w	#$8000,A0		//Most negative mantissa	
	nop						//Delay slot filler
	//end
			
Underflow:
	cmp.w	#$FF80,Y0		//Check for underflow
	jge		Continue		//Not an error
	tst.w	A1				//Positive or negative underflow?
	jlt		NegU			//If negative, go to negative handler
	move.w	#$FF80,A		//Minimum exponent
	rtsd
	move.w	#$4000,A0		//Minimum normalized positive mantissa
	nop						//Filler for third delay slot
	//end
			
NegU:
	move.w	#$FF80,A		//Minimum exponent
	rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three words
	move.w	#$BFFF,A0		//Minimum (abs) normalized negative mantissa
	nop						//filler for third delay slot
	//end of E_Err	
}

//Return the absolute value of ffnum
asm ffloat FFabs(register ffloat ffnum) 
{
	move.w	A1,Y0		//store ffnum exp in Y0
	move.w	A0,A		//A holds mantissa of ffnum
	abs		A			//full-width absolute value
	asr		A			//shift right to prevent overflow of clb
	jeq		Zero		//Don't normalize if zero
	
	//ffnum != 0
	clb 	A,X0		//Count sign bits
	asll.l 	X0,A		//Normalize
		
	sub 	X0,Y0		//Adjust exponent
	inc.w	Y0			//Return to normal scale	
		
	clb 	Y0,X0		//check number of sign bits in exponent
	cmp.w	#8,X0		//If less than 8 (exp > 8 bits),
	jlt		Exp_Err		//jump to exponent exception handler
		
Continue:	
	rtsd				//delayed return from subroutine
	move.w 	A,A0		//Move mantissa of sum to lower word of ffnum1 (return value)
	move.w 	Y0,A1		//Move exponent to upper word of ffnum1 (return value)
	sxt.l	A			//Sign-extend A to 36 bits
	//end of main abs function
		
Zero: 
	rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three words
	move.w	#$FF80,A		//Set exp of sum to minimum
	clr.w	A0				//Set mantissa of sum to 0
	//end of zero handler			
		
Exp_Err:
	cmp.w	#$007F,Y0		
	jle		Underflow		//If not overflow, go to underflow check	
	tst.w	A1				//Positive or negative overflow?
	jlt		NegO			//If negative, go to negative handler
	move.w	#$007F,A		//Max out exponent
	rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three words
	move.w	#$7FFF,A0		//Max out mantissa
	nop						//Delay slot filler
	//end
			
NegO:
	move.w	#$007F,A		//Max out exponent
	rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three cycles
	move.w	#$8000,A0		//Most negative mantissa
	nop						//Delay slot filler
	//end
			
Underflow:
	cmp.w	#$FF80,Y0		//Check for underflow
	jge		Continue		//Not an error
	tst.w	A1				//Positive or negative underflow?
	jlt		NegU			//If negative, go to negative handler
	move.w	#$FF80,A		//Minimum exponent
	rtsd
	move.w	#$4000,A0		//Minimum normalized positive mantissa
	nop						//Filler for third delay slot
	//end
			
NegU:
	move.w	#$FF80,A		//Minimum exponent
	rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three words
	move.w	#$BFFF,A0		//Minimum (abs) normalized negative mantissa
	nop						//filler for third delay slot
	//end of E_Err	
}

//convert an int16 to an ffloat value
asm ffloat S16int2FFloat(register short int inum) 
{
	
	tst.w	Y0
	jeq		Zero
	
	//inum != 0
	clb		Y0,X0	
	asll.l	X0,Y0	//normalize inum
	neg		X0		//set exponent
	rtsd
	add.w	#15,X0
	move.w	X0,A	//exponent
	move.w	Y0,A0	//mantissa

//FFloat zero = 0xFF800000
Zero:
	rtsd	
	move.w	#$FF80,A
	clr.w	A0
}

asm ffloat FFadd(register ffloat ffnum1,register ffloat ffnum2)

{	
		move.w	A0,X0			//Store ffnum1 mantissa temporarily in X0
		move.w	B0,Y0			//Store ffnum2 mantissa temporarily in Y0
		
		move.w 	A1,Y1		 	//Put ffnum1 exponent (exp1) in Y1
		sub		B,Y1			//Y1 = exp1 - exp2
		
		
		//Setup: Larger ffnum exponent goes in Y0; mantissa to be shifted goes in B1;
		//mantissa to stay the same goes in A1; abs exp difference goes in Y1
		
		tlt		B,A				//Move ffnum2 (mantissa and exp) to A (not shifted) if Y1 neg
		tlt		X0,B			//Move ffnum1 mantissa to B1 for shifting if Y1 neg
		tge		Y0,B			//Move ffnum2 mantissa to B1 for shifting if Y1 not negative
		
		abs		Y1				//positive shift values
		
		cmp.w 	#15,Y1			//More than 15-bit shift (ASRAC only works to 15 bits)?
		jgt 	Neglect			//If yes, an input ffnum will go to zero if shifted	
		
		move.w	A1,Y0			//Move larger exp to Y0 for shifting
		move.w	A0,A			//Move mantissa A0 to A1 for adding
			
		asrac	B1,Y1,A			//Extend B1 to 36 bits, shift right by Y1, and add to A
		asr 	A				//Shift right to prevent overflow of CLB (next)
		
		clb 	A,X0			//Count sign bits
		asll.l 	X0,A			//Normalize
		
		tst.w	A1				//Check if relevant part of result is zero
		jeq		Zero			//Result is zero
		
		sub 	X0,Y0			//Adjust exponent of exp1
		inc.w	Y0				//Return to normal scale	
		
		clb 	Y0,X0			//check number of sign bits in exponent
		cmp.w	#8,X0			//If less than 8 (exp > 8 bits),
		jlt		Exp_Err			//jump to exponent exception handler
		
	Continue:	
		rnd		A				//round to 16 bits in A1
		rtsd					//delayed return from subroutine
		move.w 	A,A0			//Move mantissa of sum to lower word of ffnum1 (return value)
		move.w 	Y0,A1			//Move exponent to upper word of ffnum1 (return value)
		sxt.l	A				//Sign-extend A to 36 bits
		//end of main add function
		
	Zero: 
		rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three words
		move.w	#$FF80,A		//Set exp of sum to minimum
		clr.w	A0				//Set mantissa of sum to 0
		//end of zero handler			
		
	Exp_Err:
		cmp.w	#$007F,Y0		
		jle		Underflow		//If not overflow, go to underflow check	
		tst.w	A1				//Positive or negative overflow?
		jlt		NegO			//If negative, go to negative handler
		move.w	#$007F,A		//Max out exponent
		rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three words
		move.w	#$7FFF,A0		//Max out mantissa
		nop						//Delay slot filler
		//end
			
	NegO:
		move.w	#$007F,A		//Max out exponent
		rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three cycles
		move.w	#$8000,A0		//Most negative mantissa
		nop						//Delay slot filler
		//end
			
	Underflow:
		cmp.w	#$FF80,Y0		//Check for underflow
		jge		Continue		//Not an error
		tst.w	A1				//Positive or negative underflow?
		jlt		NegU			//If negative, go to negative handler
		move.w	#$FF80,A		//Minimum exponent
		rtsd
		move.w	#$4000,A0		//Minimum normalized positive mantissa
		nop						//Filler for third delay slot
		//end
			
	NegU:
		move.w	#$FF80,A		//Minimum exponent
		rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three words
		move.w	#$BFFF,A0		//Minimum (abs) normalized negative mantissa
		nop						//filler for third delay slot
		//end of E_Err	
		
	Neglect:
		rts						//The input with the larger exp becomes the output
}

asm ffloat FFdiv(register ffloat ffnum1, register ffloat ffnum2)
{
	move.w	A1,X0		//Move exponent of ffnum1 to X0
	move.w	B1,Y0		//Move exponent of ffnum2 to Y0
	move.w	A0,Y1		//Move mantissa of ffnum1 to Y1 for sign check
	move.w	A0,A		//Move mantissa of ffnum1 to A1
	move.w	B0,B		//Move mantissa of ffnum2 to B1
	eor.w	B,Y1		//Calculate sign of final result
						//(sign bit of result will be 1=negative if inputs signs differ)
	abs		A
	abs		B
	jeq		DivZero		//ffnum2 cannot be zero
	
L1:
	cmp		A,B			//Check result of B - A
	bgt		L2			//Ready to divide
	brad	L1			//Recheck (delayed branch)
	asr		A			//Reduce ffnum1 mantissa by factor of 2
	inc.w	X0			//Increase ffnum1 exponent by one
	//end
	
L2:	
	//Division of Positive Fractional Data (A1:A0 / B1)
	BFCLR 	#$0001,SR 	//Clear carry bit: required for 1st DIV instruction
	//REP #16
	DIV 	B1,A		//Form positive quotient in A0
	DIV 	B1,A		//Form positive quotient in A0
	DIV 	B1,A		//Form positive quotient in A0
	DIV 	B1,A		//Form positive quotient in A0
	DIV 	B1,A		//Form positive quotient in A0
	DIV 	B1,A		//Form positive quotient in A0
	DIV 	B1,A		//Form positive quotient in A0
	DIV 	B1,A		//Form positive quotient in A0
	DIV 	B1,A		//Form positive quotient in A0
	DIV 	B1,A		//Form positive quotient in A0
	DIV 	B1,A		//Form positive quotient in A0
	DIV 	B1,A		//Form positive quotient in A0
	DIV 	B1,A		//Form positive quotient in A0
	DIV 	B1,A		//Form positive quotient in A0
	DIV 	B1,A		//Form positive quotient in A0
	DIV 	B1,A		//Form positive quotient in A0
	
	move.w	A0,A		//Move A0 to A1

	tst.w	Y1			//Check sign  needed for final result
	BGE		L3			//Branch if final sign is non-neg
	NEG		A			//Negate mantissa if result is neg
	
L3:
	clb 	A,Y1			//Count sign bits
	asll.l 	Y1,A			//Normalize
		
	tst		A				//Check if relevant part of result is zero
	jeq		Zero			//Result is zero
		
	sub 	Y0,X0			//Adjust exponent of exp1
	sub		Y1,X0
			
	clb 	X0,Y0			//check size of exponent word
	cmp.w	#8,Y0	
	jlt		Exp_Err
		
Continue:
	RTSD
	MOVE.W	A,A0
	MOVE.W	X0,A1
	sxt.l	A			//Sign-extend A to 36 bits
	//END

DivZero:
	//Call error handler here
	MOVE.W	#$007F,A		//Needs work here
	RTSD
	MOVE.W	#$7FFF,A0	
	NOP
	//END
	
Zero:
	RTSD
	MOVE.W	#$FF80,A
	CLR.W	A0
	//END
	
Exp_Err:
	cmp.w	#$007F,X0		
	jle		Underflow		//If not overflow, go to underflow check	
	tst.w	A1				//Positive or negative overflow?
	jlt		NegO			//If negative, go to negative handler
	move.w	#$007F,A		//Max out exponent
	rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three words
	move.w	#$7FFF,A0		//Max out mantissa
	nop
	//end
		
NegO:
	move.w	#$007F,A		//Max out exponent
	rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three words
	move.w	#$8000,A0		//Most negative mantissa
	nop						//filler for third delay slot
	//end
		
Underflow:
	cmp.w	#$FF80,X0		//Check for underflow
	jge		Continue		//Not an error
	tst.w	A1				//Positive or negative underflow?
	jlt		NegU			//If negative, go to negative handler
	move.w	#$FF80,A		//Minimum exponent
	rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three words
	move.w	#$4000,A0		//Minimum normalized positive mantissa
	nop						//Filler for third delay slot
	//end
		
NegU:
	move.w	#$FF80,A		//Minimum exponent
	rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three words
	move.w	#$BFFF,A0		//Minimum (abs) normalized negative mantissa
	nop						//filler for third delay slot
	//end of E_Err	
}

asm short int FFloatRnd2S16int(register ffloat ffnum)
{
	move.w	A1,Y0
	move.w	A0,A
	
	//Scale so that exponent = 15; converts mantissa to integer scale
	//Check if resulting mantissa is in range -32768 to 32767 (16 bit signed int)
	sub.w	#15,Y0
	jgt		Over	//Number is outside range -32768 to 32767
	cmp.w	#-17,Y0
	jlt		Zero	//Number is small and rounds to zero
	rtsd
	asll.l	Y0,A	//Scale to exponent = 15 (one word, two cycles)
	rnd		A		//Convergent rounding (round down boundary case if even)
	move.w	A1,Y0
	//end
	
Zero:
	rtsd
	clr.w	Y0		//Result is zero
	nop
	nop
	//end
	
Over:
	tst		A
	blt		Neg			//branch to Neg: if number is below -32768
	rtsd
	move.w	#$7FFF,Y0	//Set to most positive 16-bit value
	nop					//Filler for third delay slot
	//end
	
Neg:
	rtsd
	move.w	#$8000,Y0	//Set to most negative 16-bit value
	nop					//Filler for third delay slot
	//end	
}

asm short int FFloatTrunc2S16int(register ffloat ffnum)
{
	move.w	A1,Y0
	move.w	A0,A
	
	//Scale so that exponent = 15; converts mantissa to integer scale
	//Check if resulting mantissa is in range -32768 to 32767 (16 bit signed int)
	sub.w	#15,Y0
	jgt		Over	//Number is outside range -32768 to 32767
	cmp.w	#-17,Y0
	jlt		Zero	//Number is small and rounds to zero
	rtsd
	asll.l	Y0,A	//Scale to exponent = 15 (one word, two cycles)
	move.w	A1,Y0
	nop				//Filler for third delay slot
	//end
	
Zero:
	rtsd
	clr.w	Y0		//Result is zero
	nop
	nop
	//end
	
Over:
	tst		A
	blt		Neg			//branch to Neg: if number is below -32768
	rtsd
	move.w	#$7FFF,Y0	//Set to most positive 16-bit value
	nop					//Filler for third delay slot
	//end
	
Neg:
	rtsd
	move.w	#$8000,Y0	//Set to most negative 16-bit value
	nop					//Filler for third delay slot
	//end	
}

//convert an unsigned int32 to an ffloat value
asm ffloat U32int2FFloat(register long unsigned int unum) 
{
	tst.l	A
	jeq		Zero			//unum = 0
	jlt		LongUnsigned	//If 2^31 <= unum <= 2^32-1, unum will
							//be a negative number

	//unum <= 2^31 - 1
	clb		A,X0
	asll.l	X0,A	//normalize unum
	neg		X0		//set exponent
	add.w	#31,X0
	rtsd
	move.w	A1,A0	//mantissa	
	move.w	X0,A1	//exponent
	sxt.l	A		//sign-extend A to 36 bits
	

//FFloat zero = 0xFF800000
Zero:
	rtsd
	move.w	#$FF80,A
	clr.w	A0
	
	
//If unum is between 2^31 and 2^32-1
LongUnsigned:
	lsr.w	A		//divide mantissa by 2
	move.w	A1,A0	//move mantissa to its right place
	
	//divide the mantissa by two and increase the exponent by 1
	//this will correct the sign of A while keeping the absolute
	//value of a the same
	rtsd
	move.w	#32,A1	//exponent will always be 32 for this case
	sxt.l	A		//sign-extend A to 36 bits
}

//convert an int32 to an ffloat value
asm ffloat S32int2FFloat(register long int inum) 
{
	//inum = 0
	tst.l	A
	jeq		Zero
	
	//inum != 0
	clb		A,X0	
	asll.l	X0,A	//normalize inum
	neg		X0		//set exponent
	add.w	#31,X0
	rtsd
	move.w	A1,A0	//mantissa
	move.w	X0,A1	//exponent
	sxt.l	A		//sign-extend A to 36 bits

//FFloat zero = 0xFF800000
Zero:
	rtsd
	move.w	#$FF80,A
	clr.w	A0
}

//typedef long unsigned int ffloat;

asm ffloat FFmult(register ffloat ffnum1, register ffloat ffnum2)
{
		move.w 	B1,Y1		//This is to save exp2, use B for mult, and prepare for exp add
		move.w 	A0,X0		//Can't multiply A0,B0 directly
		move.w 	B0,Y0
		mpyr 	X0,Y0,B		//Multiply with round; result unlikely to differ from mpy, since truncated later
		asr 	B			//Shift right, so CLB can give correct count
		clb 	B,X0		//Count sign bits for normalization
		asll.l 	X0,B		//Normalize
		tst.w	B1			//Check if relevant part of result is zero
		jeq		Zero		//Go to zero handler
		add 	A,Y1		//add A1 to Y1
		sub 	X0,Y1		//Update exponent after normalization
		inc.w	Y1			//Return to normal scale		
		clb 	Y1,Y0		//count sign bits in exponent word
		cmp.w 	#8,Y0		//If <8 (exp > 8 bits),
		jlt		Exp_Err		//jump to exponent exception handler
		
Continue:		
		rtsd				//return with 3-cyle delay
		move.w 	Y1,A		//Put exp in return register
		rnd		B			//Round to 16 bits in B1
		move.w 	B1,A0		//Move mantissa to A0
		//end of mult routine
		
Zero: 
		rtsd				//return with 3-cyle delay
		move.w	#$FF80,A	//Set exp of sum to minimum
		clr.w	A0			//Set mantissa of sum to 0
		//end of zero handler			
		
Exp_Err:
		cmp.w	#$007F,Y1	//Check for overflow	
		jle		Underflow	//If not overflow, go to underflow check	
		tst.w	B1			//Positive or negative overflow?
		jlt		NegO		//If negative, go to negative handler
		move.w	#$7FFF,A0	//Max out mantissa
		rtsd				//Delayed return - will execute next three words

		nop					//Filler for third delay slot
		//end
			
NegO:
		move.w	#$007F,A	//Max out exponent
		rtsd				//Delayed return - will execute next three words
		move.w	#$8000,A0	//Most negative mantissa
		nop					//Filler for third delay slot
		//end
			
Underflow:
		cmp.w	#$FF80,Y1	//Check for underflow
		jge		Continue	//Not an error - continue normal code
		tst.w	B1			//Positive or negative overflow?
		jlt		NegU		//If negative, go to negative handler
		move.w	#$FF80,A	//Minimum exponent
		rtsd				//Delayed return - will execute next three words
		move.w	#$4000,A0	//Minimum normalized positive mantissa
		nop					//Filler for third delay slot
		//end
			
NegU:
		move.w	#$FF80,A	//Minimum exponent
		rtsd				//Delayed return - will execute next three words
		move.w	#$BFFF,A0	//Minimum (abs) normalized negative mantissa
		nop					//Filler for third delay slot
		//end of Exp_Err	

}

asm ffloat FFsub(register ffloat ffnum1,register ffloat ffnum2)

{	
		move.w	A0,X0			//Store ffnum1 mantissa temporarily in X0
		move.w	B1,Y1			//Store ffnum2 mantissa temporarily in Y1
		
		move.w	B0,B			//Prepare to negate B
		asr		B				//Prevent overflow
		inc.w	Y1				//Adjust exponent
		neg		B				//Negate
		clb		B,Y0			//Count leading bits
		asll.l	Y0,B			//rescale
		sub		Y0,Y1			//adjust exponent
		move.w	B1,Y0
		move.w	Y1,B
		move.w	Y0,B0
		
		move.w 	A1,Y1		 	//Put ffnum1 exponent (exp1) in Y1
		sub		B,Y1			//Y1 = exp1 - exp2
		
		
		//Setup: Larger ffnum exponent goes in Y0; mantissa to be shifted goes in B1;
		//mantissa to stay the same goes in A1; abs exp difference goes in Y1
		
		tlt		B,A				//Move ffnum2 (mantissa and exp) to A (not shifted) if Y1 neg
		tlt		X0,B			//Move ffnum1 mantissa to B1 for shifting if Y1 neg
		tge		Y0,B			//Move ffnum2 mantissa to B1 for shifting if Y1 not negative
		
		abs		Y1				//positive shift values
		
		cmp.w 	#15,Y1			//More than 15-bit shift (ASRAC only works to 15 bits)?
		jgt 	Neglect			//If yes, an input ffnum will go to zero if shifted	
		
		move.w	A1,Y0			//Move larger exp to Y0 for shifting
		move.w	A0,A			//Move mantissa A0 to A1 for adding
			
		asrac	B1,Y1,A			//Extend B1 to 36 bits, shift right by Y1, and add to A
		asr 	A				//Shift right to prevent overflow of CLB (next)
		
		clb 	A,X0			//Count sign bits
		asll.l 	X0,A			//Normalize
		
		tst.w	A1				//Check if relevant part of result is zero
		jeq		Zero			//Result is zero
		
		sub 	X0,Y0			//Adjust exponent of exp1
		inc.w	Y0				//Return to normal scale	
		
		clb 	Y0,X0			//check size of exponent word
		cmp.w	#8,X0	
		jlt		Exp_Err
		
	Continue:
		rnd		A				//Round to 16 bits	
		rtsd					//delayed return from subroutine
		move.w 	A,A0			//Move mantissa of sum to lower word of ffnum1 (return value)
		move.w 	Y0,A1			//Move exponent to upper word of ffnum1 (return value)
		sxt.l	A				//Sign-extend A to 36 bits
		//end of main add function
		
	Zero: 
		rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three inst.
		move.w	#$FF80,A		//Set exp of sum to minimum
		clr.w	A0				//Set mantissa of sum to 0
		//end of zero handler			
		
	Exp_Err:
		cmp.w	#$007F,Y0		
		jle		Underflow		//If not overflow, go to underflow check	
		tst.w	A1				//Positive or negative overflow?
		jlt		NegO			//If negative, go to negative handler
		move.w	#$007F,A		//Max out exponent
		rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three words
		move.w	#$7FFF,A0		//Max out mantissa
		nop						//filler for third delay slot
		//end	
	NegO:
		move.w	#$007F,A		//Max out exponent
		rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three words
		move.w	#$8000,A0		//Most negative mantissa
		nop						//filler for third delay slot
		//end	
	Underflow:
		cmp.w	#$FF80,Y0		//Check for underflow
		jge		Continue		//Not an error
		tst.w	A1				//Positive or negative underflow?
		jlt		NegU			//If negative, go to negative handler
		move.w	#$FF80,A		//Minimum exponent
		rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three inst.
		move.w	#$4000,A0		//Minimum normalized positive mantissa
		nop						//Filler for third delay slot
		//end	
	NegU:
		move.w	#$FF80,A		//Minimum exponent
		rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three inst.
		move.w	#$BFFF,A0		//Minimum (abs) normalized negative mantissa
		nop						//filler for third delay slot
		//end of E_Err	
		
	Neglect:
		rts						//The input with the larger exp becomes the output
}

asm ffloat IEEE2FFloat(register float fnum)
{
	bftstl	#$7F80,A1
	jcs		Zero			//For IEEE, zero is indicated by zero exp.
	
	move.w	A1,Y0
	bfclr	#$FF00,A1
	sxt.l	A				//Sign-extend A to 36 bits
	bfset	#$0080,A1
	brclr	#$8000,Y0,L1	//Branch if sign bit is positive
	neg		A				//Negate mantissa if sign bit is negative
L1:
	clb		A,X0			//Normalize mantissa
	asll.l	X0,A
	
	bfclr	#$807F,Y0
	lsrr.w	#7,Y0
	sub.w	#119,Y0
	sub		X0,Y0			//FFloat exponent is ready
	clb		Y0,X0			//Check for overflow/underflow
	cmp.w	#8,X0
	jlt		Exp_Err
Continue:
	rnd		A
	rtsd
	move.w	A,A0
	move.w	Y0,A1
	sxt.l	A				//Sign-extend A to 36 bits
	//end

	
Zero:
	RTSD
	MOVE.W	#$FF80,A
	CLR.W	A0
	//END
	
Exp_Err:
	cmp.w	#$007F,Y0		
	jle		Underflow		//If not overflow, go to underflow check	
	tst.w	A1				//Positive or negative overflow?
	jlt		NegO			//If negative, go to negative handler
	move.w	#$007F,A		//Max out exponent
	rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three words
	move.w	#$7FFF,A0		//Max out mantissa
	nop						//filler for third delay slot
	//end	
NegO:
	move.w	#$007F,A		//Max out exponent
	rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three words
	move.w	#$8000,A0		//Most negative mantissa
	nop						//filler for third delay slot
	//end	
Underflow:
	cmp.w	#$FF80,Y0		//Check for underflow
	jge		Continue		//Not an error
	tst.w	A1				//Positive or negative underflow?
	jlt		NegU
	move.w	#$FF80,A		//Minimum exponent
	rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three words
	move.w	#$4000,A0		//Minimum normalized positive mantissa
	nop						//Filler for third delay slot
	//end	
NegU:
	move.w	#$FF80,A		//Minimum exponent
	rtsd					//Delayed return from subroutine - will execute next three words
	move.w	#$BFFF,A0		//Minimum (abs) normalized negative mantissa
	nop						//filler for third delay slot
	//end of E_Err
	
}

//A not very good C function. Ok for testing other functions in simulation.
//Converts an FFloat number to an IEEE 754-compatible single precision floating point number.

//typedef long unsigned int ffloat;

float FFloat2IEEE(ffloat ffnum)
{
	float fout = 0;
	long int iexp = 0;
	long unsigned int tempout = 0, sign = 0, mantissa = 0, exp = 0;
	void *VoidPointer;
	float *FloatPointer;
	long unsigned int *LintPointer;
		
	if (ffnum&0xFFFF)	//ffnum is not zero
	{
		mantissa = ffnum & 0x0000FFFF;
		
		exp = ffnum&0xFFFF0000;
		iexp = (long int)exp;
		
		iexp += 0x007F0000;		//Bias exponent positive by 127
	
		if (iexp < 0x00010000)		//Limit exponent size to allowed IEEE range
		{
			iexp = 0x00010000;
		}
		else if (iexp > 0x00FE0000)
		{
			iexp = 0x00FE0000;
		}
	
	
	
		if (mantissa&0x00008000)		//ffnum is negative
		{
			sign = 0x80000000;
			mantissa ^= 0x0000FFFF;	//Negate
			mantissa++;
		}
		
		while (!(mantissa&0x8000))		//normalize
		{
			mantissa <<= 1;
			iexp -= 0x00010000;
		}
	

	if (iexp < 0x00010000)		//Limit exponent size to allowed IEEE range
		{
			iexp = 0x00010000;
		}
		else if (iexp > 0x00FE0000)
		{
			iexp = 0x00FE0000;
		}
		
		exp = (long unsigned int)iexp;

		exp <<= 7;				//Shift exponent to correct position
	
		mantissa <<= 8;			//Shift to correct IEEE position
		mantissa &= 0x007FFFFF; //Clear leading one
	
		tempout = sign | exp | mantissa;
	
		
	}
	else exp = 0x00000000;			//zero

	VoidPointer = &(tempout);		//obtain pointer to unsigned long int tempout
	FloatPointer = VoidPointer;		//convert to float
	fout = *FloatPointer;
	return(fout);			
	
}

//return true if ffnum1>ffnum2, false otherwise
asm bool FFgt(register ffloat ffnum1, register ffloat ffnum2) 
{
	//First compare signs of numbers
	tst.w	A0
	blt		CheckSignANeg
	
	//a is nonnegative
	tst.w	B0
	//Both numbers are nonnegative - nonnegative exponents case
	bge		CasePNumExp
	//If b is negative, a>b
	rtsd
	move.w	#1,Y0
	nop
	nop

//a is negative
CheckSignANeg:
	tst.w	B0
	//Both numbers are negative - negative exponents case
	blt		CaseNNumExp
	//If b is nonnegative, a<b
	rtsd
	move.w	#0,Y0
	nop
	nop

//If a and b are positive, go here
//larger exponent = larger #
CasePNumExp:
	//move exponent data to X0 and Y0 registers for comparison
	move.w	A1,X0
	move.w	B1,Y0
	cmp.w	X0,Y0
	blt		aGTb		//if(expB<expA) then a>b
	bgt		aNotGTb		//if(expB>expA) then !(a>b)

	//If exponents are equal, check mantissas
	move.w	A0,X0
	move.w	B0,Y0	
	cmp.w	X0,Y0
	blt		aGTb		//if(mantissaB<mantissaA) then a>b
	rtsd
	move.w	#0,Y0
	nop
	nop
	
//If a and b are negative, go here
//larger exponent = smaller #
CaseNNumExp:
	//move exponent data to X0 and Y0 registers for comparison
	move.w	A1,X0
	move.w	B1,Y0
	cmp.w	X0,Y0
	bgt		aGTb		//if(expB>expA) then a>b
	blt		aNotGTb		//if(expB<expA) then !(a>b)
	
	//If exponents are equal, check mantissas
	move.w	A0,X0
	move.w	B0,Y0	
	cmp.w	X0,Y0
	blt		aGTb		//if(mantissaB<mantissaA) then a>b
	rtsd
	move.w	#0,Y0
	nop
	nop
	
//if a>b, go here
aGTb:
	rtsd
	move.w	#1,Y0
	nop
	nop

//if a<=b, go here
aNotGTb:
	rtsd
	move.w	#0,Y0
	nop
	nop
}

//return true if ffnum>0, false otherwise
asm bool FFgtz(register ffloat ffnum) 
{
	//Test ffnum mantissa
	tst.w	A0
	bgt		Positive
	
	//ffnum <= 0
	rtsd			//delayed return
	clr.w	Y0		//return value 0
	nop				//first filler instruction
	nop				//second filler instruction
	//end

Positive:
	//ffnum > 0
	rtsd			//delayed return
	move.w	#1,Y0	//return value 1
	nop				//first filler instruction
	nop				//second filler instruction
	//end
}

//return true if ffnum<0, false otherwise
asm bool FFltz(register ffloat ffnum) 
{
	//Test ffnum mantissa
	tst.w	A0
	blt		Negative
	
	//ffnum >= 0
	rtsd			//delayed return
	clr.w	Y0		//return value 0
	nop				//first filler instruction
	nop				//second filler instruction
	//end

Negative:
	//ffnum < 0
	rtsd			//delayed return
	move.w	#1,Y0	//return value 1
	nop				//first filler instruction
	nop				//second filler instruction
	//end
}

//return true if ffnum=0, false otherwise
asm bool FFeqz(register ffloat ffnum) 
{
	//Test ffnum mantissa
	tst.w	A0
	beq		Zero
	
	//ffnum != 0
	rtsd			//delayed return
	clr.w	Y0		//return value 0
	nop				//first filler instruction
	nop				//second filler instruction
	//end

Zero:
	//ffnum < 0
	rtsd			//delayed return
	move.w	#1,Y0	//return value 1
	nop				//first filler instruction
	nop				//second filler instruction
	//end
}

//return true if ffnum1<ffnum2, false otherwise
asm bool FFlt(register ffloat ffnum1, register ffloat ffnum2) 
{
	//First compare signs of numbers
	tst.w	A0
	blt		CheckSignANeg
	
	//a is nonnegative
	tst.w	B0
	//Both numbers are nonnegative - nonnegative exponents case
	bge		CasePNumExp
	//If b is negative, !(a<b)
	rtsd
	move.w	#0,Y0
	nop
	nop

//a is negative
CheckSignANeg:
	tst.w	B0
	//Both numbers are negative - negative exponents case
	blt		CaseNNumExp
	//If b is nonnegative, a<b
	rtsd
	move.w	#1,Y0
	nop
	nop

//If a and b are positive, go here
//larger exponent = larger #
CasePNumExp:
	//move exponent data to X0 and Y0 registers for comparison
	move.w	A1,X0
	move.w	B1,Y0
	cmp.w	X0,Y0
	bgt		aLTb		//if(expB>expA) then a<b
	blt		aNotLTb		//if(expB<expA) then !(a<b)

	//If exponents are equal, check mantissas
	move.w	A0,X0
	move.w	B0,Y0	
	cmp.w	X0,Y0
	bgt		aLTb		//if(mantissaB>mantissaA) then a<b
	rtsd
	move.w	#0,Y0
	nop
	nop
	
//If a and b are negative, go here
//larger exponent = smaller #
CaseNNumExp:
	//move exponent data to X0 and Y0 registers for comparison
	move.w	A1,X0
	move.w	B1,Y0
	cmp.w	X0,Y0
	blt		aLTb		//if(expB<expA) then a<b
	bgt		aNotLTb		//if(expB>expA) then !(a<b)
	
	//If exponents are equal, check mantissas
	move.w	A0,X0
	move.w	B0,Y0	
	cmp.w	X0,Y0
	bgt		aLTb		//if(mantissaB>mantissaA) then a<b
	rtsd
	move.w	#0,Y0
	nop
	nop
	
//if a<b, go here
aLTb:
	rtsd
	move.w	#1,Y0
	nop
	nop

//if a>=b, go here
aNotLTb:
	rtsd
	move.w	#0,Y0
	nop
	nop
}

//return true if a>=b, false otherwise
asm bool FFgte(register ffloat a, register ffloat b) 
{	
	//First compare signs of numbers
	tst.w	A0
	blt		CheckSignANeg
	
	//a is nonnegative
	tst.w	B0
	//Both numbers are nonnegative - nonnegative exponents case
	bge		CasePNumExp
	//If b is negative, a>=b
	rtsd
	move.w	#1,Y0
	nop
	nop

//a is negative
CheckSignANeg:
	tst.w	B0
	//Both numbers are negative - negative exponents case
	blt		CaseNNumExp
	//If b is nonnegative, a<b
	rtsd
	move.w	#0,Y0
	nop
	nop

//If a and b are positive, go here
//larger exponent = larger #
CasePNumExp:
	//move exponent data to X0 and Y0 registers for comparison
	move.w	A1,X0
	move.w	B1,Y0
	cmp.w	X0,Y0
	blt		aGTEb		//if(expB<expA) then a>=b
	bgt		aNotGTEb	//if(expB>expA) then !(a>=b)

	//If exponents are equal, check mantissas
	move.w	A0,X0
	move.w	B0,Y0	
	cmp.w	X0,Y0
	ble		aGTEb		//if(mantissaB<=mantissaA) then a>=b
	rtsd
	move.w	#0,Y0
	nop
	nop	
	
//If a and b are negative, go here
//larger exponent = smaller #
CaseNNumExp:
	//move exponent data to X0 and Y0 registers for comparison
	move.w	A1,X0
	move.w	B1,Y0
	cmp.w	X0,Y0
	bgt		aGTEb		//if(expB>expA) then a>b
	blt		aNotGTEb	//if(expB<expA) then !(a>b)
	
	//If exponents are equal, check mantissas
	move.w	A0,X0
	move.w	B0,Y0	
	cmp.w	X0,Y0
	ble		aGTEb		//if(mantissaB<=mantissaA) then a>=b
	rtsd
	move.w	#0,Y0
	nop
	nop
	
//if a>=b, go here
aGTEb:
	rtsd
	move.w	#1,Y0
	nop
	nop

//if a<b, go here
aNotGTEb:
	rtsd
	move.w	#0,Y0
	nop
	nop
}

//return true if a<=b, false otherwise
asm bool FFlte(register ffloat a, register ffloat b) 
{	
	//First compare signs of numbers
	tst.w	A0
	blt		CheckSignANeg
	
	//a is nonnegative
	tst.w	B0
	//Both numbers are nonnegative - nonnegative exponents case
	bge		CasePNumExp
	//If b is negative, !(a<=b)
	rtsd
	move.w	#0,Y0
	nop
	nop

//a is negative
CheckSignANeg:
	tst.w	B0
	//Both numbers are negative - negative exponents case
	blt		CaseNNumExp
	//If b is nonnegative, a<b
	rtsd
	move.w	#1,Y0
	nop
	nop

//If a and b are positive, go here
//larger exponent = larger #
CasePNumExp:
	//move exponent data to X0 and Y0 registers for comparison
	move.w	A1,X0
	move.w	B1,Y0
	cmp.w	X0,Y0
	bgt		aLTEb		//if(expB>expA) then a<=b
	blt		aNotLTEb	//if(expB>expA) then !(a<=b)

	//If exponents are equal, check mantissas
	move.w	A0,X0
	move.w	B0,Y0	
	cmp.w	X0,Y0
	bge		aLTEb		//if(mantissaB>=mantissaA) then a>=b
	rtsd
	move.w	#0,Y0
	nop
	nop	
	
//If a and b are negative, go here
//larger exponent = smaller #
CaseNNumExp:
	//move exponent data to X0 and Y0 registers for comparison
	move.w	A1,X0
	move.w	B1,Y0
	cmp.w	X0,Y0
	blt		aLTEb		//if(expB<expA) then a<=b
	bgt		aNotLTEb	//if(expB>expA) then !(a<=b)
	
	//If exponents are equal, check mantissas
	move.w	A0,X0
	move.w	B0,Y0	
	cmp.w	X0,Y0
	bge		aLTEb		//if(mantissaB>=mantissaA) then a>=b
	rtsd
	move.w	#0,Y0
	nop
	nop
	
//if a<=b, go here
aLTEb:
	rtsd
	move.w	#1,Y0
	nop
	nop

//if a>b, go here
aNotLTEb:
	rtsd
	move.w	#0,Y0
	nop
	nop
}

ffloat FFsin(ffloat xin)
{
    int k,klo,khi;
    ffloat xdiff0, xdiff1;
    ffloat x=xin;
static ffloat xlo = 0x00029b78;
static ffloat xhi = 0x00026487;
static ffloat ya[31] = {0xffccb968, 0xfffe958c, 0xffff97e0, 0x0000b4c3, 0x0000a0e0, 0x00009126, 0x00008643, 0x000080b3, 0x000080b3, 0x00008643, 0x00009126, 0x0000a0e0, 0x0000b4c3, 0xffff97e0, 0xfffe958c, 0xff800000, 0xfffe6a73, 0xffff681f, 0x00004b3c, 0x00005f1f, 0x00006ed9, 0x000079bc, 0x00007f4c, 0x00007f4c, 0x000079bc, 0x00006ed9, 0x00005f1f, 0x00004b3c, 0xffff681f, 0xfffe6a73, 0xffcc4698};
static ffloat y2a[31] = {0xff800000, 0xfffd6a0f, 0xfffe67be, 0xffff4af6, 0xffff5ec6, 0xffff6e72, 0xffff794a, 0xffff7ed5, 0xffff7ed5, 0xffff794a, 0xffff6e72, 0xffff5ec6, 0xffff4af6, 0xfffe67be, 0xfffd6a0f, 0xff800000, 0xfffd95f0, 0xfffe9841, 0xffffb509, 0xffffa139, 0xffff918d, 0xffff86b5, 0xffff812a, 0xffff812a, 0xffff86b5, 0xffff918d, 0xffffa139, 0xffffb509, 0xfffe9841, 0xfffd95f0, 0xfffd95f0};
static int numpoints = 31;
static ffloat h = 0xfffe6b3b;
static ffloat hinv = 0x00034c64;
static ffloat pi2=0x00036487;
static ffloat pi2inv=0xfffe517c;
if(FFlt(xin,xlo)){
    x=FFadd(
     xin,
     FFmult(
     S16int2FFloat(
     FFloatTrunc2S16int(
            FFmult(
            FFsub(xhi,xin),
            pi2inv
           )
           )
    ),
     pi2
    )
    );
}else if(FFgt(xin,xhi)){
    x=FFsub(
     xin,
     FFmult(
     S16int2FFloat(
     FFloatTrunc2S16int(
            FFmult(
            FFsub(xin,xlo),
            pi2inv
           )
           )
    ),
     pi2
    )
    );
}
    klo = FFloatTrunc2S16int(FFmult(FFsub(x,xlo),hinv));
    khi=klo+1;
    xdiff0 = FFsub(x, FFadd(xlo, FFmult(h,S16int2FFloat(klo))));
    xdiff1 = FFsub(xdiff0, h);
    return ( FFadd(ya[klo], FFadd(FFmult(FFmult(FFsub(ya[khi],ya[klo]), hinv), xdiff0), FFmult(FFmult(y2a[khi], xdiff0), xdiff1))) );
}

Memfault Beyond the Launch