On the desktop, everyone learns to observe what their program is doing using print statements and logging. Embedded systems aren't amenable to such approaches because they run in real-time and don't have screens or memory to spare for logs, so new techniques need to be applied. Fortunately, modern CPUs provide surprisingly rich facilities for meeting these needs. In this presentation, we will introduce a range of these capabilities, from a novel twist on the simple flashing LED progressing all the way to full post-mortem instruction trace.

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