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How FPGAs work, and why you'll buy one

How FPGAs work, and why you'll buy one

Yossi Kreinin
Still RelevantIntermediate

Today, pretty much everyone has a CPU, a DSP and a GPU, buried somewhere in their PC, phone, car, etc. Most don't know or care that they bought any of these, but they did. Will everyone, at some future point, also buy an FPGA? The market size...


Summary

This blog explains fundamentals of FPGA architecture and the practical reasons embedded engineers might choose one for a product. It walks through how logic blocks, routing, on-chip memory and DSPs differ from CPUs/GPUs and highlights real-world use cases and buying considerations.

Key Takeaways

  • Explain the basic building blocks of FPGAs (LUTs, CLBs, routing, BRAM, DSP slices) and how they map to hardware functions.
  • Compare FPGAs to CPUs, GPUs, and DSPs to identify when an FPGA delivers unique advantages in latency, parallelism, or deterministic I/O.
  • Identify typical embedded use cases (signal processing, custom accelerators, soft processors, deterministic interfaces) where an FPGA is the right choice.
  • Estimate integration costs and design workflow impacts, including toolchains, HDL vs HLS trade-offs, and support for soft cores like RISC-V.
  • Plan board-level and system considerations such as power, cost, peripheral interfacing, and time-to-market tradeoffs when selecting an FPGA.

Who Should Read This

Intermediate embedded systems engineers, firmware developers, and hardware-software designers deciding whether to adopt FPGAs in products or prototypes.

Still RelevantIntermediate

Topics

Firmware DesignRISC-VIoTBare-Metal Programming

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