hi all,
I am using AT91RM9200 board. I have some sample code in ADS compiler &
assembler. But because I a using Embest IDE with GNU build tools, I have
to convert the assembly file to gcc assembly. I have done the conversion
of the file below, but fail. Anyone knows what I have done wrong here?
===========================================
1. /* original file for ADS assembler */
===========================================
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;- ATMEL Microcontroller Software Support - ROUSSET -
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
; The software is delivered "AS IS" without warranty or condition of any
; kind, either express, implied or statutory. This includes without
; limitation any warranty or condition with respect to merchantability or
; fitness for any particular purpose, or against the infringements of
; intellectual property rights of others.
;-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
;- File source : cstartup_boot.arm
;- Object : Generic CStartup
;- Compilation flag : None
;-
;- 1.0 16/03/01 ODi, HI : Creation ARM ADS
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;--------------------------------
;- ARM Core Mode and Status Bits
;--------------------------------
ARM_MODE_USER EQU 0x10
ARM_MODE_FIQ EQU 0x11
ARM_MODE_IRQ EQU 0x12
ARM_MODE_SVC EQU 0x13
ARM_MODE_ABORT EQU 0x17
ARM_MODE_UNDEF EQU 0x1B
ARM_MODE_SYS EQU 0x1F
I_BIT EQU 0x80
F_BIT EQU 0x40
T_BIT EQU 0x20
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;- Stack Area Definition
;-----------------------
;-
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IRQ_STACK_SIZE EQU 0x04
FIQ_STACK_SIZE EQU 0x04
ABT_STACK_SIZE EQU 0x04
UND_STACK_SIZE EQU 0x04
SVC_STACK_SIZE EQU 0x04
USER_STACK_SIZE EQU 0x100
AREA |C$$stack|, DATA
;- IRQ stack definition
AT91_IRQ_Stack_End DCD 0x55AA55AA
SPACE (IRQ_STACK_SIZE - 4)
AT91_IRQ_Stack_Begin EQU (AT91_IRQ_Stack_End + (IRQ_STACK_SIZE - 4))
;- FIQ stack definition
AT91_FIQ_Stack_End DCD 0x55AA55AA
SPACE (FIQ_STACK_SIZE - 4)
AT91_FIQ_Stack_Begin EQU (AT91_FIQ_Stack_End + (FIQ_STACK_SIZE - 4))
;- ABORT stack definition
AT91_ABT_Stack_End DCD 0x55AA55AA
SPACE (ABT_STACK_SIZE - 4)
AT91_ABT_Stack_Begin EQU (AT91_ABT_Stack_End + (ABT_STACK_SIZE - 4))
;- UNDEF stack definition
AT91_UND_Stack_End DCD 0x55AA55AA
SPACE (UND_STACK_SIZE - 4)
AT91_UND_Stack_Begin EQU (AT91_UND_Stack_End + (UND_STACK_SIZE - 4))
;- SVC stack definition
AT91_SVC_Stack_End DCD 0x55AA55AA
SPACE (SVC_STACK_SIZE-4)
AT91_SVC_Stack_Begin EQU (AT91_SVC_Stack_End + (SVC_STACK_SIZE-4))
;- USER and SYSTEM stack definition
AT91_USER_Stack_End DCD 0x55AA55AA
SPACE (USER_STACK_SIZE-4)
AT91_USER_Stack_Begin EQU (AT91_USER_Stack_End + (USER_STACK_SIZE-4))
EXPORT AT91_IRQ_Stack_End
EXPORT AT91_IRQ_Stack_Begin
EXPORT AT91_FIQ_Stack_End
EXPORT AT91_FIQ_Stack_Begin
EXPORT AT91_ABT_Stack_End
EXPORT AT91_ABT_Stack_Begin
EXPORT AT91_UND_Stack_End
EXPORT AT91_UND_Stack_Begin
EXPORT AT91_SVC_Stack_End
EXPORT AT91_SVC_Stack_Begin
EXPORT AT91_USER_Stack_End
EXPORT AT91_USER_Stack_Begin
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;- Area Definition
;-----------------
;- Must be defined as function to put first in the code as it must be
mapped
;- at offset 0 of the flash EBI_CSR0, ie. at address 0 before remap.
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AREA reset, CODE, READONLY
; IMPORT __use_no_semihosting_swi
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;- Define the entry point
;------------------------
EXPORT __ENTRY
__ENTRY
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;- Exception vectors ( before Remap )
;------------------------------------
;- These vectors are read at address 0.
;- They absolutely requires to be in relative addresssing mode in order to
;- guarantee a valid jump. For the moment, all are just looping (what may
be
;- dangerous in a final system). If an exception occurs before remap, this
;- would result in an infinite loop.
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B InitReset ; reset
undefvec
B undefvec ; Undefined Instruction
swivec
B swivec ; Software Interrupt
pabtvec
B pabtvec ; Prefetch Abort
dabtvec
B dabtvec ; Data Abort
rsvdvec
B rsvdvec ; reserved
irqvec
ldr pc, [pc,#-0xF20] ; IRQ : read the AIC
fiqvec
B fiqvec ; FIQ
;-------------------
;- The reset handler
;-------------------
InitReset
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;- Low level Init is performed in a C function: AT91F_LowLevelInit (APMC,
AIC, EBI, ....)
;- Init Stack Pointer to a valid memory area before calling
AT91F_LowLevelInit
;----------------------------------------------------------------------
IMPORT AT91F_LowLevelInit
ldr r1, = AT91_SVC_Stack_Begin
bic r1, r1, #3 ; Insure word alignement
mov sp, r1 ; Init stack SYS
ldr r0, = AT91F_LowLevelInit
mov lr, pc
bx r0
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;- Setup the stack for each mode
;-------------------------
;- The processor will remain in the last initialized mode.
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;- Load the stack base addresses
add r0, pc,#-(8+.-StackData) ; @ where to read values (relative)
ldmia r0, {r1-r6}
;- Set up Supervisor Mode and set SVC Mode Stack
msr cpsr_c, #ARM_MODE_SVC:OR:I_BIT:OR:F_BIT
bic r1, r1, #3 ; Insure word alignement
mov sp, r1 ; Init stack SYS
;- Set up Interrupt Mode and set IRQ Mode Stack
msr CPSR_c, #ARM_MODE_IRQ:OR:I_BIT:OR:F_BIT
bic r2, r2, #3 ; Insure word alignement
mov sp, r2 ; Init stack IRQ
;- Set up Fast Interrupt Mode and set FIQ Mode Stack
msr CPSR_c, #ARM_MODE_FIQ:OR:I_BIT:OR:F_BIT
bic r3, r3, #3 ; Insure word alignement
mov sp, r3 ; Init stack FIQ
;- Set up Abort Mode and set Abort Mode Stack
msr CPSR_c, #ARM_MODE_ABORT:OR:I_BIT:OR:F_BIT
bic r4, r4, #3 ; Insure word alignement
mov sp, r4 ; Init stack Abort
;- Set up Undefined Instruction Mode and set Undef Mode Stack
msr CPSR_c, #ARM_MODE_UNDEF:OR:I_BIT:OR:F_BIT
bic r5, r5, #3 ; Insure word alignement
mov sp, r5 ; Init stack Undef
;- Set up user Mode and set Undef Mode Stack
msr CPSR_c, #ARM_MODE_USER:OR:F_BIT
bic r6, r6, #3 ; Insure word alignement
mov sp, r6 ; Init stack Undef
b EndInitStack
StackData
DCD AT91_SVC_Stack_Begin
DCD AT91_IRQ_Stack_Begin
DCD AT91_FIQ_Stack_Begin
DCD AT91_ABT_Stack_Begin
DCD AT91_UND_Stack_Begin
DCD AT91_USER_Stack_Begin
EndInitStack
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;- Initialise C variables
;------------------------
;- Following labels are automatically generated by the linker.
;- RO: Read-only = the code
;- RW: Read Write = the data pre-initialized and zero-initialized.
;- ZI: Zero-Initialized.
;- Pre-initialization values are located after the code area in the
image.
;- Zero-initialized datas are mapped after the pre-initialized.
;- Note on the Data position :
;- If using the ARMSDT, when no -rw-base option is used for the linker,
the
;- data area is mapped after the code. You can map the data either in
internal
;- SRAM ( -rw-base=0x40 or 0x34) or in external SRAM ( -rw-base=0x2000000
).
;- Note also that to improve the code density, the pre_initialized data
must
;- be limited to a minimum.
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
add r2, pc,#-(8+.-CInitData) ; @ where to read values (relative)
ldmia r2, {r0, r1, r3, r4}
cmp r0, r1 ; Check that they are different
beq EndRW
LoopRW
cmp r1, r3 ; Copy init data
ldrcc r2, [r0], #4
strcc r2, [r1], #4
bcc LoopRW
EndRW
mov r2, #0
LoopZI
cmp r3, r4 ; Zero init
strcc r2, [r3], #4
bcc LoopZI
b EndInitC
CInitData
IMPORT |Image$$RO$$Limit| ; End of ROM code (=start of ROM
data)
IMPORT |Image$$RW$$Base| ; Base of RAM to initialise
IMPORT |Image$$ZI$$Base| ; Base and limit of area
IMPORT |Image$$ZI$$Limit| ; Top of zero init segment
DCD |Image$$RO$$Limit| ; End of ROM code (=start of ROM data)
DCD |Image$$RW$$Base| ; Base of RAM to initialise
DCD |Image$$ZI$$Base| ; Base and limit of area
DCD |Image$$ZI$$Limit| ; Top of zero init segment
EndInitC
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;- Branch on C code Main function (with interworking)
;----------------------------------------------------
;- Branch must be performed by an interworking call as either an ARM or
Thumb
;- main C function must be supported. This makes the code not position-
;- independant. A Branch with link would generate errors
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IMPORT main
_main
__main
EXPORT _main
EXPORT __main
ldr r0, =main
mov lr, pc
bx r0
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
;- Loop for ever
;---------------
;- End of application. Normally, never occur.
;- Could jump on Software Reset ( B 0x0 ).
;------------------------------------------------------------------------------
End
b End
END
============================================
2. /* my conversion into gcc assembly */
============================================
@------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@- ATMEL Microcontroller Software Support - ROUSSET -
@------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@ The software is delivered "AS IS" without warranty or condition of any
@ kind, either express, implied or statutory. This includes without
@ limitation any warranty or condition with respect to merchantability or
@ fitness for any particular purpose, or against the infringements of
@ intellectual property rights of others.
@-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@- File source : cstartup_boot.arm
@- Object : Generic CStartup
@- Compilation flag : None
@-
@- 1.0 16/03/01 ODi, HI : Creation ARM ADS
@------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@--------------------------------
@- ARM Core Mode and Status Bits
@--------------------------------
equ ARM_MODE_USER , 0x10
equ ARM_MODE_FIQ , 0x11
equ ARM_MODE_IRQ , 0x12
equ ARM_MODE_SVC , 0x13
equ ARM_MODE_ABORT , 0x17
equ ARM_MODE_UNDEF , 0x1B
equ ARM_MODE_SYS , 0x1F
equ I_BIT , 0x80
equ F_BIT , 0x40
equ T_BIT , 0x20
@------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@- Stack Area Definition
@-----------------------
@-
@------------------------------------------------------------------------------
equ IRQ_STACK_SIZE , 0x04
equ FIQ_STACK_SIZE , 0x04
equ ABT_STACK_SIZE , 0x04
equ UND_STACK_SIZE , 0x04
equ SVC_STACK_SIZE , 0x04
equ USER_STACK_SIZE , 0x100
text
@- IRQ stack definition
AT91_IRQ_Stack_End: .word 0x55AA55AA
.space (IRQ_STACK_SIZE - 4)
equ AT91_IRQ_Stack_Begin , (AT91_IRQ_Stack_End + (IRQ_STACK_SIZE -
4))
@- FIQ stack definition
AT91_FIQ_Stack_End: .word 0x55AA55AA
.space (FIQ_STACK_SIZE - 4)
equ AT91_FIQ_Stack_Begin , (AT91_FIQ_Stack_End + (FIQ_STACK_SIZE -
4))
@- ABORT stack definition
AT91_ABT_Stack_End: .word 0x55AA55AA
.space (ABT_STACK_SIZE - 4)
equ AT91_ABT_Stack_Begin , (AT91_ABT_Stack_End + (ABT_STACK_SIZE -
4))
@- UNDEF stack definition
AT91_UND_Stack_End: .word 0x55AA55AA
.space (UND_STACK_SIZE - 4)
equ AT91_UND_Stack_Begin , (AT91_UND_Stack_End + (UND_STACK_SIZE -
4))
@- SVC stack definition
AT91_SVC_Stack_End: .word 0x55AA55AA
.space (SVC_STACK_SIZE-4)
equ AT91_SVC_Stack_Begin , (AT91_SVC_Stack_End + (SVC_STACK_SIZE-4))
@- USER and SYSTEM stack definition
AT91_USER_Stack_End: .word 0x55AA55AA
.space (USER_STACK_SIZE-4)
equ AT91_USER_Stack_Begin , (AT91_USER_Stack_End +
(USER_STACK_SIZE-4))
.global AT91_IRQ_Stack_End
.global AT91_IRQ_Stack_Begin
.global AT91_FIQ_Stack_End
.global AT91_FIQ_Stack_Begin
.global AT91_ABT_Stack_End
.global AT91_ABT_Stack_Begin
.global AT91_UND_Stack_End
.global AT91_UND_Stack_Begin
.global AT91_SVC_Stack_End
.global AT91_SVC_Stack_Begin
.global AT91_USER_Stack_End
.global AT91_USER_Stack_Begin
@------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@- Area Definition
@-----------------
@- Must be defined as function to put first in the code as it must be
mapped
@- at offset 0 of the flash EBI_CSR0, ie. at address 0 before remap.
@------------------------------------------------------------------------------
text
@ .extern __use_no_semihosting_swi
@------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@- Define the entry point
@------------------------
.global __ENTRY
__ENTRY:
@------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@- Exception vectors ( before Remap )
@------------------------------------
@- These vectors are read at address 0.
@- They absolutely requires to be in relative addresssing mode in order to
@- guarantee a valid jump. For the moment, all are just looping (what may
be
@- dangerous in a final system). If an exception occurs before remap, this
@- would result in an infinite loop.
@------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B InitReset @ reset
undefvec:
B undefvec @ Undefined Instruction
swivec:
B swivec @ Software Interrupt
pabtvec:
B pabtvec @ Prefetch Abort
dabtvec:
B dabtvec @ Data Abort
rsvdvec:
B rsvdvec @ reserved
irqvec:
ldr pc, [pc,#-0xF20] @ IRQ : read the AIC
fiqvec:
B fiqvec @ FIQ
@-------------------
@- The reset handler
@-------------------
InitReset:
@------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@- Low level Init is performed in a C function: AT91F_LowLevelInit (APMC,
AIC, EBI, ....)
@- Init Stack Pointer to a valid memory area before calling
AT91F_LowLevelInit
@----------------------------------------------------------------------
.extern AT91F_LowLevelInit
ldr r1, = AT91_SVC_Stack_Begin
bic r1, r1, #3 @ Insure word alignement
mov sp, r1 @ Init stack SYS
ldr r0, = AT91F_LowLevelInit
mov lr, pc
bx r0
@------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@- Setup the stack for each mode
@-------------------------
@- The processor will remain in the last initialized mode.
@------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@- Load the stack base addresses
add r0, pc,#-(8+.-StackData) @ @ where to read values (relative)
ldmia r0, {r1-r6}
@- Set up Supervisor Mode and set SVC Mode Stack
msr cpsr_c, #ARM_MODE_SVC | I_BIT | F_BIT
bic r1, r1, #3 @ Insure word alignement
mov sp, r1 @ Init stack SYS
@- Set up Interrupt Mode and set IRQ Mode Stack
msr CPSR_c, #ARM_MODE_IRQ | I_BIT | F_BIT
bic r2, r2, #3 @ Insure word alignement
mov sp, r2 @ Init stack IRQ
@- Set up Fast Interrupt Mode and set FIQ Mode Stack
msr CPSR_c, #ARM_MODE_FIQ | I_BIT | F_BIT
bic r3, r3, #3 @ Insure word alignement
mov sp, r3 @ Init stack FIQ
@- Set up Abort Mode and set Abort Mode Stack
msr CPSR_c, #ARM_MODE_ABORT | I_BIT | F_BIT
bic r4, r4, #3 @ Insure word alignement
mov sp, r4 @ Init stack Abort
@- Set up Undefined Instruction Mode and set Undef Mode Stack
msr CPSR_c, #ARM_MODE_UNDEF | I_BIT | F_BIT
bic r5, r5, #3 @ Insure word alignement
mov sp, r5 @ Init stack Undef
@- Set up user Mode and set Undef Mode Stack
msr CPSR_c, #ARM_MODE_USER | F_BIT
bic r6, r6, #3 @ Insure word alignement
mov sp, r6 @ Init stack Undef
b EndInitStack
StackData:
.word AT91_SVC_Stack_Begin
.word AT91_IRQ_Stack_Begin
.word AT91_FIQ_Stack_Begin
.word AT91_ABT_Stack_Begin
.word AT91_UND_Stack_Begin
.word AT91_USER_Stack_Begin
EndInitStack:
@------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@- Initialise C variables
@------------------------
@- Following labels are automatically generated by the linker.
@- RO: Read-only = the code
@- RW: Read Write = the data pre-initialized and zero-initialized.
@- ZI: Zero-Initialized.
@- Pre-initialization values are located after the code area in the
image.
@- Zero-initialized datas are mapped after the pre-initialized.
@- Note on the Data position :
@- If using the ARMSDT, when no -rw-base option is used for the linker,
the
@- data area is mapped after the code. You can map the data either in
internal
@- SRAM ( -rw-base=0x40 or 0x34) or in external SRAM ( -rw-base=0x2000000
).
@- Note also that to improve the code density, the pre_initialized data
must
@- be limited to a minimum.
@------------------------------------------------------------------------------
add r2, pc,#-(8+.-CInitData) @ @ where to read values (relative)
ldmia r2, {r0, r1, r3, r4}
cmp r0, r1 @ Check that they are different
beq EndRW
LoopRW:
cmp r1, r3 @ Copy init data
ldrcc r2, [r0], #4
strcc r2, [r1], #4
bcc LoopRW
EndRW:
mov r2, #0
LoopZI:
cmp r3, r4 @ Zero init
strcc r2, [r3], #4
bcc LoopZI
b EndInitC
CInitData:
@ .extern |Image\\RO\\Limit| @ End of ROM code (=start of ROM
data)
@ .extern |Image\\RW\\Base| @ Base of RAM to initialise
@ .extern |Image\\ZI\\Base| @ Base and limit of area
@ .extern |Image\\ZI\\Limit| @ Top of zero init segment
@ .word |Image\\RO\\Limit| @ End of ROM code (=start of ROM
data)
@ .word |Image\\RW\\Base| @ Base of RAM to initialise
@ .word |Image\\ZI\\Base| @ Base and limit of area
@ .word |Image\\ZI\\Limit| @ Top of zero init segment
EndInitC:
@------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@- Branch on C code Main function (with interworking)
@----------------------------------------------------
@- Branch must be performed by an interworking call as either an ARM or
Thumb
@- main C function must be supported. This makes the code not position-
@- independant. A Branch with link would generate errors
@------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.extern main
_main:
__main:
.global _main
.global __main
ldr r0, =main
mov lr, pc
bx r0
@------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@- Loop for ever
@---------------
@- End of application. Normally, never occur.
@- Could jump on Software Reset ( B 0x0 ).
@------------------------------------------------------------------------------
End:
b End
Anyone know how to convert something like this:
"IMPORT |Image$$ZI$$Limit|"
into gcc assembly? I don't know how to convert them, so I mask out them in
my new gcc assembly.
Besides this, anything done wrong above? I heard about linker script, do I
need to build one?
Please help, thanks :-)
AT91RM9200 boot code conversion: ADS assembly to gcc assembly
Started by ●March 15, 2006
Reply by ●March 15, 20062006-03-15
shuwn yuan wrote:> Anyone know how to convert something like this: > "IMPORT |Image$$ZI$$Limit|" > into gcc assembly? I don't know how to convert them, so I mask out them in > my new gcc assembly.<URL:http://www.google.co.uk/search?q=Image%24%24RO%24%24Limit>> Besides this, anything done wrong above? I heard about linker script, do I > need to build one?Yes. Define you Image$$* constants there. Vadim
