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Hi, I'm trying to build some C code (separate .c files) and link the .o files together for Nios using the GNUPro tools that came with it. I keep getting errors that ld can't find crt0.o. So, I looked around the Nios documentation and couldn't find anything on crt0. I managed to find some stuff on it in RedHat's generic GNUPro Toolkit Getting Started Guide about how it is the main startup file, "its object is linked in first and bootstraps the rest of your application", and "A crt0 file is available for most platforms"... The toolkit I have did come with example crt0 files but only for a29khif, arm, cygwin, d10v, go32, h8300hms, h8500hms, m88kbug, netware, rtems, sh, sparc64, sysmec, sysnec810, sysnecv850, sysvi386, sysnecv70, tic80, w65, and z8ksim...but not for nios! Does anyone know where I can find an example of a Nios crt0.s or Nios crt0.c file? Or does anyone know how to make SOPC builder generate such a file? I'm new at this and don't know how to write one from scratch. Is there any option besides throwing all the code into 1 file for compilation? Thanks, NCKC |
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GNUPro Toolkit, crt0, Altera Nios confusion
Started by ●October 7, 2003
Reply by ●October 8, 20032003-10-08
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> I'm trying to build some C code (separate .c files) and link the
.o > files together for Nios using the GNUPro tools that came with it. I > keep getting errors that ld can't find crt0.o. CRT0 isn't needed to link and execute Nios programs. During compilation of some Nios programs I can't see crt0 anywhere within the scripts. BTW: Use nios-build script for compilation and linking (or look inside what libraries are linked). I think all libraries needed for compilation are created during processor build process. Here is some example line with linker: # 2003.10.08 17:13:06 (*) nios-elf-gcc -I .. -I ../.. -I ../inc -I ../../inc -I ../../../inc -I ../../../../inc -I ../../../../../inc -W -g -O2 -mno-zero-extend -m32 g1.c -o g1.c.o -c In file included from g1.c:8: pid.h:10: warning: useless keyword or type name in empty declaration g1.c: In function `czekaj': g1.c:41: warning: `j' might be used uninitialized in this function # 2003.10.08 17:13:07 (*) nios-elf-gcc -I .. -I ../.. -I ../inc -I ../../inc -I ../../../inc -I ../../../../inc -I ../../../../../inc -W -g -O2 -mno-zero-extend -m32 pid.c -o pid.c.o -c In file included from pid.c:1: pid.h:10: warning: useless keyword or type name in empty declaration # 2003.10.08 17:13:07 (*) nios-elf-ld -e _start -u _start -g -T /cygdrive/c/altera/excalibur/sopc_builder/bin/excalibur.ld ../../lib/obj32/ nios_jumptostart.s.o g1.c.o pid.c.o --start-group -l nios32 -l c -l m -l gcc --end-group -L/cygdrive/c/altera/excalibur/sopc_builder/bin/nio s-gnupro/nios-elf/lib/m32 -L/cygdrive/c/altera/excalibur/sopc_builder/bin/ni os-gnupro/lib/gcc-lib/nios-elf/2.9-nios-010801-20020710/m32 -L.. /lib -L../../lib -L../../../lib -L../../../../lib -L../../../../../lib -L../ inc -L../../inc -L../../../inc -L../../../../inc -L../../../../. ./inc -L. -o pid.out # 2003.10.08 17:13:08 (*) nios-elf-objcopy -O srec pid.out pid.srec # 2003.10.08 17:13:08 (*) nios-elf-nm pid.out | sort > pid.nm # 2003.10.08 17:13:08 (*) nios-elf-objdump -d --source pid.out > pid.objdump Hope this helps. Jerry |
