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RCM3000 generates RFI noise

Started by Mike van Meeteren September 27, 2005
Guys,

I'm having a problem with our RCM3000 equipped product generating RFI
interference. Our product is a piece of electronics that is installed in
DOT style snow removal equipment, and it interferes with their business
band two way radios when they use frequencies close to the RFI generated by
the Rabbit core.

We had a radio guy work with our equipment and determined with a frequency
counter that the biggest signal was at 151.0688 MHz. Our entire
electronics package is enclosed in a grounded die cast aluminum case, with
several connectors to the outside of the box (including the ethernet jack
on the core). From previous testing it appears to be bleeding out over a
9600 baud serial cable, which seems odd. I assume that the signal must be
seeping out over the ground plane. The only thing that runs at anything
close to that frequency is the clock on the Rabbit Core. Most of the other
stuff is in the KHz range.

We're going to try to use some clamp on ferrite beads to solve the problem,
but I'd like to hear if anyone else has had problems with this type of
noise, and what they did to solve the problem.

Thanks in advance!

-Mike


Good Luck,

 

     We spend lots of money and time trying to snub this kind of stuff in order to obtain the CE mark for our products. Any circuit using a clock has the potential to cause problems, not just the Rabbit. Go to your Rabbitbios.c file and look for the ENABLE_SPREADER define and try setting it to 2 if it’s already, this may help you out with the noise. Other than that, ferrite’s like you mentioned or using good shielded cables may bring things under control. At that frequency, even a small opening in the enclosure is a potential source of RFI leakage, you could try using shielding tape around any oversized opening.  It’s tough to fix if you don’t have the equipment to test this type of thing….

 

Bob

 

From: r...@yahoogroups.com [mailto:r...@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of Mike van Meeteren
Sent: Tuesday, September 27, 2005 9:36 AM
To: r...@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [rabbit-semi] RCM3000 generates RFI noise

 

Guys,

I'm having a problem with our RCM3000 equipped product generating RFI
interference.  Our product is a piece of electronics that is installed in
DOT style snow removal equipment, and it interferes with their business
band two way radios when they use frequencies close to the RFI generated by
the Rabbit  core.

We had a radio guy work with our equipment and determined with a frequency
counter that the biggest signal was at 151.0688 MHz.  Our entire
electronics package is enclosed in a grounded die cast aluminum case, with
several connectors to the outside of the box (including the ethernet jack
on the core).  From previous testing it appears to be bleeding out over a
9600 baud serial cable, which seems odd.  I assume that the signal must be
seeping out over the ground plane.  The only thing that runs at anything
close to that frequency is the clock on the Rabbit Core.  Most of the other
stuff is in the KHz range.

We're going to try to use some clamp on ferrite beads to solve the problem,
but I'd like to hear if anyone else has had problems with this type of
noise, and what they did to solve the problem.

Thanks in advance!

-Mike



I had the same problem with our equipment (based on RCM2300). It's mounted on buses (for public transportation system). We intended to obtain the European Certificate (CE) for it, and when we've made the first tests, we saw that it generates RFI interferences.
Even I'm not good at hardware, i understood from our hard engineers that a common ground for the entire board (processor+GPS+modem) solved the problem.
 
Hope this gives you a clue.


Mike van Meeteren <m...@fastec.com> wrote:
Guys,

I'm having a problem with our RCM3000 equipped product generating RFI
interference.  Our product is a piece of electronics that is installed in
DOT style snow removal equipment, and it interferes with their business
band two way radios when they use frequencies close to the RFI generated by
the Rabbit  core.

We had a radio guy work with our equipment and determined with a frequency
counter that the biggest signal was at 151.0688 MHz.  Our entire
electronics package is enclosed in a grounded die cast aluminum case, with
several connectors to the outside of the box (including the ethernet jack
on the core).  From previous testing it appears to be bleeding out over a
9600 baud serial cable, which seems odd.  I assume that the signal must be
seeping out over the ground plane.  The only thing that runs at anything
close to that frequency is the clock on the Rabbit Core.  Most of the other
stuff is in the KHz range.

We're going to try to use some clamp on ferrite beads to solve the problem,
but I'd like to hear if anyone else has had problems with this type of
noise, and what they did to solve the problem.

Thanks in advance!

-Mike

__________________________________________________

Does the board use a switching power supply? 151 mhz sounds like a
switching freq.

If you use a linear regulator, make sure it has sufficient bypass
caps on both the input an output. I have seen LM78xx regulators and
other oscillate at these frequencies.

If you use a MAX232 chip, that has an oscillator that runs. Make sure
you are using good caps. Try removing power to the chip to see if the
noise goes away. Note: most cheap MAX232 clones require 1UF caps not
0.1. You will get considerable noise if you do not have the MAXIM
part (there is a specific suffix for using 0.1uf caps.) Layout and
good caps are needed for good noise immunity.

<Scott>

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------
| Scott G. Henion| shenion@shen... |
| Consultant | Stone Mountain, GA |
| SHDesigns | PGP Key 0xE98DDC48 |
| http://www.shdesigns.org |
------
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At 09:06 AM 9/27/2005 -0500, you wrote:
> We spend lots of money and time trying to snub this kind of stuff in
> order to obtain the CE mark for our products. Any circuit using a clock
> has the potential to cause problems, not just the Rabbit. Go to your
> Rabbitbios.c file and look for the ENABLE_SPREADER define and try setting
> it to 2 if it s already, this may help you out with the noise.

Yeah we already did this on all our firmware. It helped a little in some
cases, but obviously not all. >Other than that, ferrite s like you mentioned or using good shielded
>cables may bring things under control. At that frequency, even a small
>opening in the enclosure is a potential source of RFI leakage, you could
>try using shielding tape around any oversized opening. It s tough to fix
>if you don t have the equipment to test this type of thing&.

I'm going to start bringing some equipment in house to try to nail this
down. I'm going to start with a cheapy Uniden scanner which can act sort
of like a frequency scanner in close proximity (Close Call is what their
feature is called I believe). That should at least let me hear the noise
and try to throw some spitballs at it to solve it.

If that doesn't work, I'm going to try to have a guy that knows a whole lot
more about radio stuff than I do look at it.

It's funny, out of almost everything electronic, RF stuff is the only thing
that I know little about and consider a "black magic" science. Seems like
even the radio guys solve problems by trial and error.

Wish me luck,

-Mike


At 10:39 AM 9/27/2005 -0400, you wrote:
>
>Does the board use a switching power supply? 151 mhz sounds like a
>switching freq.
>
>If you use a linear regulator, make sure it has sufficient bypass
>caps on both the input an output. I have seen LM78xx regulators and
>other oscillate at these frequencies.
>
>If you use a MAX232 chip, that has an oscillator that runs. Make sure
>you are using good caps. Try removing power to the chip to see if the
>noise goes away. Note: most cheap MAX232 clones require 1UF caps not
>0.1. You will get considerable noise if you do not have the MAXIM
>part (there is a specific suffix for using 0.1uf caps.) Layout and
>good caps are needed for good noise immunity.

Interesting, yes I do have 3 MAX232 chips on the board. They're the TI
variety (MAX232N, 16 pin dip) and we're using 1uF caps on it.

We also use both a switching power supply for the 12v side (to prevent
overvoltage when the truck is running) but that switches so slow I don't
think that's the problem. It's around 20 KHz. The LM7805 is bypassed
with 4 470uF caps at various places on the board, one close by.

Thanks for the tips Scott, I had no idea the MAX232's could emit noise
(although I understand why since they're using a charge pump). Once I can
actually hear or see the noise, I'm going to start axing power supply leads
to various sections of the board to see where the noise is coming
from. Hopefully that will isolate it.

I'll keep you guys up to date, I have a feeling I'm not the only one
battling this.

-Mike


Mike,
I've had RF described as a balloon. If you squeeze it in one place it
pops out in another!
We now don't build anything without ferrites(surface mount) and caps on
all inputs and outputs.
They are small and do the job. The ferrite manufacturers have LOTS of
info on this sort of magic.
Sometimes I feel like The Sorcerers Apprentice.
-Pete

-----Original Message-----
From: rabbit-semi@rabb... [mailto:rabbit-semi@rabb...]
On Behalf Of Mike van Meeteren
Sent: Tuesday, September 27, 2005 10:53 AM
To: rabbit-semi@rabb...
Subject: RE: [rabbit-semi] RCM3000 generates RFI noise At 09:06 AM 9/27/2005 -0500, you wrote:
> We spend lots of money and time trying to snub this kind of stuff
in
> order to obtain the CE mark for our products. Any circuit using a
clock
> has the potential to cause problems, not just the Rabbit. Go to your
> Rabbitbios.c file and look for the ENABLE_SPREADER define and try
setting
> it to 2 if it s already, this may help you out with the noise.

Yeah we already did this on all our firmware. It helped a little in
some
cases, but obviously not all. >Other than that, ferrite s like you mentioned or using good shielded
>cables may bring things under control. At that frequency, even a small
>opening in the enclosure is a potential source of RFI leakage, you
could
>try using shielding tape around any oversized opening. It s tough to
fix
>if you don t have the equipment to test this type of thing&.

I'm going to start bringing some equipment in house to try to nail this
down. I'm going to start with a cheapy Uniden scanner which can act
sort
of like a frequency scanner in close proximity (Close Call is what their

feature is called I believe). That should at least let me hear the
noise
and try to throw some spitballs at it to solve it.

If that doesn't work, I'm going to try to have a guy that knows a whole
lot
more about radio stuff than I do look at it.

It's funny, out of almost everything electronic, RF stuff is the only
thing
that I know little about and consider a "black magic" science. Seems
like
even the radio guys solve problems by trial and error.

Wish me luck,

-Mike Yahoo! Groups Links



You are right, it’s a science in itself and seems like “black magic” to most of us.

 

From: r...@yahoogroups.com [mailto:r...@yahoogroups.com] On Behalf Of Mike van Meeteren
Sent: Tuesday, September 27, 2005 10:53 AM
To: r...@yahoogroups.com
Subject: RE: [rabbit-semi] RCM3000 generates RFI noise

 

At 09:06 AM 9/27/2005 -0500, you wrote:
>      We spend lots of money and time trying to snub this kind of stuff in
> order to obtain the CE mark for our products. Any circuit using a clock
> has the potential to cause problems, not just the Rabbit. Go to your
> Rabbitbios.c file and look for the ENABLE_SPREADER define and try setting
> it to 2 if it s already, this may help you out with the noise.

Yeah we already did this on all our firmware.  It helped a little in some
cases, but obviously not all. >Other than that, ferrite s like you mentioned or using good shielded
>cables may bring things under control. At that frequency, even a small
>opening in the enclosure is a potential source of RFI leakage, you could
>try using shielding tape around any oversized opening.  It s tough to fix
>if you don t have the equipment to test this type of thing&.

I'm going to start bringing some equipment in house to try to nail this
down.  I'm going to start with a cheapy Uniden scanner which can act sort
of like a frequency scanner in close proximity (Close Call is what their
feature is called I believe).  That should at least let me hear the noise
and try to throw some spitballs at it to solve it.

If that doesn't work, I'm going to try to have a guy that knows a whole lot
more about radio stuff than I do look at it.

It's funny, out of almost everything electronic, RF stuff is the only thing
that I know little about and consider a "black magic" science.  Seems like
even the radio guys solve problems by trial and error.

Wish me luck,

-Mike



You might want to put good quality ceramic 0.1uf caps on the input and
output of the LM7805. I've been burned by this long ago and always put
them in now. Electrolytics are really bad at high frequencies. This
might be your problem, but I don't think it's the most likely cause.

You definitely want to use good quality ceramics on the MAX232 and
switcher. Maybe even try to parallel an 0.1uF with an 0.001uF capacitor
(though I don't think that will be needed). It won't effect the value
too much, but at those frequencies some 0.1uF capacitors start to go up
in impedance. An RF guy I know suggests using NPO grade capacitors for
high frequency bypass as they are usually lower impedance (I'm not sure
if that's a myth, but I tend to respect this guy).

You dismiss the switcher because it's 20khz, but the actual time it
spends between on and off is usually quite short (to improve
efficiency), and this transition can generate tremendous RF if not
bypassed right. Look closely here.

The ferrites and caps on the I/O going out the box are probably a good
idea too. It might stop the RF from getting out no matter where it's
actually being generated. It also stops RF from *coming in*, which can
be a problem very close to a transmitter. I can tell you some
interesting stories I've had there...

Good luck. This sort of stuff can be hard to diagnose.

Later,
Artie Lekstutis

> Interesting, yes I do have 3 MAX232 chips on the board. They're the TI
> variety (MAX232N, 16 pin dip) and we're using 1uF caps on it.
>
> We also use both a switching power supply for the 12v side (to prevent
> overvoltage when the truck is running) but that switches so slow I don't
> think that's the problem. It's around 20 KHz. The LM7805 is bypassed
> with 4 470uF caps at various places on the board, one close by.
>
> Thanks for the tips Scott, I had no idea the MAX232's could emit noise
> (although I understand why since they're using a charge pump). Once I
> can
> actually hear or see the noise, I'm going to start axing power supply
> leads
> to various sections of the board to see where the noise is coming
> from. Hopefully that will isolate it.
>
> I'll keep you guys up to date, I have a feeling I'm not the only one
> battling this.
>
> -Mike



At 12:08 PM 9/27/2005, you wrote:
>You dismiss the switcher because it's 20khz, but the actual time it
>spends between on and off is usually quite short (to improve
>efficiency), and this transition can generate tremendous RF if not
>bypassed right. Look closely here.

That is true. The on time for 12V-5V would normally be 20-30%. That
would generate pulses in that range.

Also you should have a snubber on the coil when the switcher operates
on lower currents than optimal. When the current drops to 0 near the
end of the cycle, the voltage can collapse and the coil/MOSFET
capacitanc make a nice resonant circuit that oscillates at high frequencies.

Poor layout of the gate of the FET can also cause oscillation at turn
on. Sometimes a small resistor on the gate can help reduce
oscillations. It will switch a bit slower, but it is usually more
efficient than oscillating. ------
| Scott G. Henion| shenion@shen... |
| Consultant | Stone Mountain, GA |
| SHDesigns | PGP Key 0xE98DDC48 |
| http://www.shdesigns.org |
------
today's fortune
Man is a rational animal who always loses his temper when he is called upon
to act in accordance with the dictates of reason.
-- Oscar Wilde --
No virus found in this outgoing message.
Checked by AVG Anti-Virus.
Version: 7.0.344 / Virus Database: 267.11.7/112 - Release Date: 9/26/2005