Getting Started With Zephyr: Devicetree Bindings
This blog post shines some light on how devicetrees are used in The Zephyr Project. Specifically, we understand the mechanisms that enable us to use nodes in the devicetree in the C source files. We use a sample provided in the Zephyr repository itself and work our way through portions of the Zephyr codebase to get insight into the mechanisms that make this possible.
Quaternions and the spatial rotations in motion enabled wearable devices. Exploiting the potential of smart IMUs attitude estimation.
Have you always wondered what a quaternion is? this is your post. Attitude or spatial orientation analysis is a powerful element in wearable devices (and many other systems). Commercially available sensors can provide this information out-of-the-box without requiring complex additional implementation of sensor fusion algorithms. Since these are already on-chip solutions devices can serve as a way to explore and analyze motion in several use cases. Mathematical analysis for processing quaternion is presented along with a brief introduction to them, Although they are not really easy to visualise, a couple fairly simple examples are provided which may allow you to gain some intuition on what's the logic behind them.
From Embedded Software Engineer to Musician
In his first blog post on EmbeddedRelated, Jean Labrosse, the author of the uC/OS series and founder of Micrium, discusses his transition from an embedded software engineer to a musician.
Bit-Banged Async Serial Output And Disciplined Engineering
This post covers implementing asynchronous serial output directly on a GPIO with bit-banging. This can be a valuable debug tool for getting information out of a system. It also covers disciplined engineering, using the bit-banging module as an example and template you can apply to other projects.
Jumping from MCUs to FPGAs - 5 things you need to know
Are you a microcontroller expert beckoned by the siren song of the FPGA? Not long ago, that was me. FPGA-expert friends of mine regularly extolled the virtues of these mysterious components and I wanted in. When I made the leap, I found a world seemingly very familiar, but in reality, vastly different. I found that my years of C programming and microcontroller use often gave pre preconceived interpretations of FPGA resource material which resulted in eye-roll class mistakes in my code. I’ve gleaned five things of vital importance to help you make that transition faster than I did.
Assembly language is best - except when it isn’t
A look at why writing in C often produces more efficient code than hand-written assembly language.
C to C++: 5 Tips for Refactoring C Code into C++
The article titled "Simple Tips to Refactor C Code into C++: Improve Embedded Development" provides essential guidance for embedded developers transitioning from C to C++. The series covers fundamental details necessary for a seamless transition and emphasizes utilizing C++ as a better C rather than diving into complex language features. The article introduces five practical tips for refactoring C code into C++. Replace #define with constexpr and const: Discouraging the use of #define macros, the article advocates for safer alternatives like constexpr and const to improve type safety, debugging, namespaces, and compile-time computation. Use Namespaces: Demonstrating the benefits of organizing code into separate logical groupings through namespaces, the article explains how namespaces help avoid naming conflicts and improve code readability. Replace C-style Pointers with Smart Pointers and References: Emphasizing the significance of avoiding raw pointers, the article suggests replacing them with C++ smart pointers (unique_ptr, shared_ptr, weak_ptr) and using references
Why Should Unit Tests Feel Like Simulations?
Treat unit tests as short simulations of your embedded system instead of fragile checks of implementation. By setting a known state, simulating inputs, and verifying outputs you test units of work and system behavior rather than how the code is written. This approach reduces brittle tests, lets you change implementations safely, and gives stronger confidence your device matches functional requirements.
Getting Started With Zephyr: Devicetrees
This blog post provides an introduction to the "Devicetree", another unique concept in The Zephyr Project. We learn about the basic syntax of a device tree and how its structure and hierarchy mirror hardware, from the SoC to the final board. We also see how hardware described in a devicetree can be referenced and controlled in the source code of a Zephyr-based application.
NULL pointer protection with ARM Cortex-M MPU
This post explains how you can set up the ARM Cortex-M MPU (Memory Protection Unit) to protect thy code from dragons, demons, core dumps, and numberless other foul creatures awaiting thee after thou dereference the NULL pointer.
Review: Embedded Software Design: A Practical Approach to Architecture, Processes, and Coding Techniques
Jacob Beningo's Embedded Software Design is a practical, discipline-first guide to building reliable embedded systems. It frames development around a software triad: architecture, Agile/DevOps processes, and coding techniques, with security integrated from the start. The book mixes principles with hands-on recipes and includes appendices that walk through GitLab CI/CD and TDD examples you can reuse on real projects.
An overview of Linux Boot Process for Embedded Systems
Booting Linux on embedded hardware collapses PC boot stages into a single bootloader, and understanding the early steps helps troubleshoot low-level failures. Kunal Singh breaks down the sequence from the bootstrap firmware and primary/secondary bootloaders through zImage decompression, MMU and page table setup, start_kernel, and the initrd pivot to the root filesystem. Practical focus favors ARM examples.
The Least Interesting Circuit in the World
Jason Sachs pulls apart the humble power-on reset and shows why the common RC-and-Schmitt trick is the least interesting but most dangerous circuit in your design. He walks through voltage thresholds, brown-out reset behavior, and how slow or noisy Vdd ramps can let parts start in indeterminate states. Read this for practical rules on choosing supervisors, comparators, and reset pulse timing to ensure reliable embedded startup.
Cutting Through the Confusion with ARM Cortex-M Interrupt Priorities
ARM Cortex-M interrupt priorities are famously confusing because numeric priority values are inverted relative to urgency and several different conventions coexist. This post cuts through the mess by explaining NVIC register bit placement, the CMSIS NVIC_SetPriority convention, preempt versus subpriority grouping, and when to use PRIMASK or BASEPRI. Read on for practical rules to avoid subtle priority bugs in real-time firmware.
Polynomial Inverse
One of the important steps of computing point addition over elliptic curves is a division of two polynomials.
Absolute Beginner's Guide To Getting Started With Raspberry Pi
Getting started with Raspberry Pi can feel overwhelming. This guide strips the noise and shows the simplest path from unboxing to a working desktop. It recommends buying a preloaded NOOBS microSD to avoid imaging hassles, lists exact parts and suppliers, and walks through booting, recovery, and making a backup. If you want embedded electronics it also lists starter parts and ESD safety tips.
How to use I2C devices in (Apache) NuttX: Adding support for an I2C device in your board
You can add an I2C sensor to NuttX with a few file edits, menuconfig tweaks, and a standard build-and-flash cycle. This guide shows how the BMP280 barometer was integrated into the Raspberry Pi Pico bringup by copying and adapting an existing board driver, wiring the sensor to I2C0, enabling the BMP280 option in menuconfig, and compiling and flashing the resulting nuttx.uf2. It includes exact wiring and build tips.
Getting Started With Zephyr: Devicetrees
This blog post provides an introduction to the "Devicetree", another unique concept in The Zephyr Project. We learn about the basic syntax of a device tree and how its structure and hierarchy mirror hardware, from the SoC to the final board. We also see how hardware described in a devicetree can be referenced and controlled in the source code of a Zephyr-based application.
Beyond the Packet: Designing Reliable Serial Communication for Embedded Systems
Serial communication between microcontrollers sounds simple until the protocol quietly breaks your system. Prabo Semasinghe walks through the design steps for building a robust communication framework: packet structure, error detection, acknowledgment handling, state machine design, and the failure-mode testing that actually proves it works.
Zephyr: West Manifest For Application Development
In this blog post, I show a simpler way to create custom West manifest files. This technique eliminates the need to duplicate the complex West manifest from upstream Zephyr. I also show how we can use the West manifest to include out-of-tree board and SoC definitions, and include our own out-of-tree drivers.
Getting Started With Zephyr: West Manifest Customization
Create a reproducible Zephyr development baseline by customizing a West manifest, so your team avoids surprises from upstream changes. This post walks through forking Zephyr and MCUBoot when you need local changes, adapting Nordic Semiconductor's west.yml as a template, and updating remotes and defaults to point at your forks. Finish by running west init -m
Working With ESP-C3-32S-Kit Dev Board
This hands-on guide walks through setting up the ESP-C3-32S-Kit with ESP-IDF, from installing the toolchain to flashing and monitoring a hello-world example. It shows JTAG debugging with OpenOCD and GDB, how to use the NimBLE BLE stack for peripheral and central roles, and how to capture and filter BLE traffic with a Nordic sniffer and Wireshark so you can inspect pairing and connection behavior.
Coding - Step 0: Setting Up a Development Environment
Stephen Friederichs walks through setting up a minimal C development environment without an IDE, focusing on Windows. He explains why learning command-line toolchains matters, recommends GCC and Make as a durable base, and gives step-by-step MinGW installation and PATH configuration plus editor suggestions. The guide gets you compiling with mingw32-make and gcc so you can move on to makefiles and project structure.
Welcoming MANY New Bloggers!
A big influx of new voices just joined DSPRelated, and Stephane Boucher introduces the growing roster of contributors and their backgrounds. The post lists dozens of newly approved bloggers, highlights the range of DSP and embedded expertise they bring, and asks readers to leave constructive feedback on posts. It also explains why some applicants may not have been accepted yet and how to apply properly.
Launch of Youtube Channel: My First Videos - Embedded World 2017
Stephane Boucher turned his Embedded World 2017 trip into a debut YouTube series of short booth highlight videos. He walks through the steep learning curve of trade-show filming, the specific gear he bought and rented to cope with low light and noise, and the practical mistakes he plans to fix. The post lists filmed vendors and asks readers for feedback to improve future episodes.
10 Items of Test Equipment You Should Know
Jason Sachs walks through ten often-overlooked pieces of test gear that make debugging embedded hardware faster, safer, and more precise. From clamp-on and Rogowski current probes to spring-tip probes, IC test clips, and compact DAQ systems, each tool targets a common bench frustration. Practical buying notes and use cases help you choose tools that save time and reduce guesswork.
Linear Feedback Shift Registers for the Uninitiated, Part VII: LFSR Implementations, Idiomatic C, and Compiler Explorer
Jason Sachs takes LFSR theory back to real hardware, showing multiple C implementations and dsPIC33E assembly to squeeze cycles out of Galois LFSR updates. He digs into idiomatic C pitfalls like rotate idioms, demonstrates tricks using unions and 16/32-bit views, and shows when inline assembly with SL/RLC and conditional-skip instructions pays off. The article also uses Compiler Explorer and supplies an MPLAB X test harness for verification.
VGA Output in 7 Slices. Really.
Victor Yurkovsky shows how to generate VGA timing on a Xilinx Spartan3 using clever SRL16 tricks to squeeze the generator into just a few slices. By using 32-bit SRLs for line pulses, two mutually prime SRL lengths as a divide-by-99 timebase, and tapped SRLs to combine HSYNC and HBLANK, the approach achieves accurate-enough horizontal and vertical timing with minimal LUT usage.
PC and SP for a small CPU
Victor Yurkovsky walks through a compact stack-based CPU idea that tosses the conventional PC register in favor of a return stack living in Xilinx distributed RAM. The clever twist uses the stack memory addressed by SP as the program counter, making calls trivial and keeping the design tiny. The article shows the Verilog stack module and explains the practical tradeoffs of isolating the return stack.
Mutex vs. Semaphore - Part 1
Most forum answers get the semaphore versus mutex debate wrong. This post traces semaphores back to Dijkstra and Scholten, explains the difference between binary and counting semaphores, and highlights runtime hazards such as accidental release, recursive and task-death deadlocks, priority inversion, and misuse as signals. Read if you want to avoid common concurrency pitfalls in RTOS code.
