Product quality: belief or proof?
Embedded software development is a challenging activity, so it is essential to have tools and IP that is of the best quality. However, assessing that quality can be, in itself, a challenge.
Picowoose: The Raspberry Pi Pico-W meets Mongoose
This example application describes the way to adapt the George Robotics CYW43 driver, present in the Pico-SDK, to work with Cesanta's Mongoose. We are then able to use Mongoose internal TCP/IP stack (with TLS 1.3), instead of lwIP (and MbedTLS).
Simulating Your Embedded Project on Your Computer (Part 1)
Having a simulation of your embedded project is like having a superpower that improves the quality and pace of your development ten times over! To be useful, though, it can't take longer to develop the simulation than it takes to develop the application code and for many simulation techniques "the juice isn't worth the squeeze"! In this two-part blog series, I'll share with you the arguments in favor of simulation (so, hopefully, you too believe in its value) and I'll show you what works (and what doesn't work) to help you to simply, easily, and quickly simulate your embedded project on your computer.
How to use analog input (ADC) on NuttX RTOS
Hands-on walkthrough showing how to read analog voltages on a Raspberry Pi Pico running NuttX RTOS. The post explains RP2040 ADC basics, which GPIO channels and the internal temperature sensor are exposed, and how rp2040_adc_setup creates /dev/adc0. It also shows the menuconfig options, build and UF2 flash steps, a simple potentiometer test, and a note about RP2040 ADC spike artifacts.
Understanding Yocto Project Layers: A Modular Approach to Embedded Systems Development
Managing metadata across embedded Linux builds gets messy fast, so the Yocto Project uses layers to keep things modular and reusable. This post walks through inspecting active layers with bitbake-layers, controlling overrides with BBFILE_PRIORITY, and creating a meta-yocto-splash-img layer that uses a .bbappend to replace psplash. It finishes by showing how to verify the custom splash screen in QEMU so you can test safely before deploying to hardware.
My friend, the compiler
Modern compilers were given great powers, but we don't always know where and when they'll use them. This may cause us to either worry needlessly or trust unjustifiably, as demonstrated by a little example in this post.
What I Learned From Crashing and Burning in Grad School
Have you ever felt so consumed by something that it started to crowd other parts of your life? So obsessed with success in a particular area that you could hardly think about anything else? I found myself in exactly that spot in 2018 when I first started graduate school; I wanted to succeed so badly that I worked myself to the bone and I let even my marriage and my health suffer in service to it. This state of being is, believe it or not, NOT conducive to success, in neither the long-term nor the short-term. But it took two authors and one pivotal book for me to understand that, to see the pit I had dug for myself, and to begin the path back out. In this blog, I want to share with you my journey in the hopes that you can avoid the mistakes I made.
Small or fast?
Developers of software for desktop computers take code optimization for granted. Embedded developers typically need to pay much more attention to the details
Stand-by or boot-up
Many factors affect the usability of devices - a key one is how long it takes to start up.
Write Better Code with Block Diagrams and Flowcharts
Reading and writing code without architectural diagrams is like trying to follow complex instructions without any explanatory pictures: nigh impossible! By taking the time to draw out the block diagrams and flowcharts for your code, you can help identify problems before they arise and make your code easier to design, write, test, and debug. In this article, I'll briefly justify the importance of architectural drawings such as block diagrams and flowcharts and then teach you what they are and how to draw them. Using two simple examples, you'll see first-hand how these drawings can significantly amplify your understanding of a piece of code. Additionally, I'll give you a few tips for how to implement each drawing once you've completed it and I'll share with you a few neat tools to help you complete your next set of drawings.
Went 280km/h (174mph) in a Porsche Panamera in Germany!
A week at SEGGER’s headquarters in Germany turned into more than a video shoot, it became a look inside a company that clearly runs on passion, trust, and a lot of teamwork. Stephane Boucher also gets an unforgettable autobahn ride in a Porsche Panamera, hitting 280 km/h along the way. Between interviews, B-roll, and a 25th anniversary celebration, he comes away impressed by both the people and the pace.
Round Round Get Around: Why Fixed-Point Right-Shifts Are Just Fine
Jason Sachs explains why, in most embedded systems, simple bitwise right-shifts are an acceptable way to do fixed-point division rather than paying the runtime cost to round. He shows the cheap trick of adding 2^(N-1) to implement round-to-nearest, explains unbiased "round-to-even" issues, and compares arithmetic error to much larger ADC and sensor errors. The takeaway: save cycles unless your algorithm or inputs require extra precision.
Sensors Expo - Trip Report & My Best Video Yet!
Stephane Boucher turns a first-time Sensors Expo visit into a fun travelogue and a polished conference highlights video. He mixes candid trip anecdotes from Moncton to San Jose, electric-scooter discoveries, Santa Cruz detours, Airbnb tips, and on-the-floor expo footage. The post culminates in what he calls his best highlights reel yet, plus a follow-up video focused on embedded and IoT.
Learning A New Microcontroller
Learning a new microcontroller becomes manageable with a repeatable, stepwise process that focuses on common peripherals, tools, and example programs. This post lays out hands-on exercises from blinky and UART echoes through I2C/SPI, PWM and ADC to DMA and RTOS variations, and shows how to evolve prototype code into reusable HAL and OSAL layers. Practical tips cover hardware setup, logic analyzers, and keeping an engineering notebook.
My device crashed in the field. How do I figure out why?
Embedded systems often crash in the field, leaving developers with nothing more than a disconnected device and zero visibility into the cause. When traditional debugging is impossible, coredumps provide the essential post-mortem data required to reconstruct the system’s final moments. Learn how to configure Zephyr RTOS and the Spotflow SDK to automatically capture, store, and analyze critical crash information—including stack traces, CPU registers, and variable states—remotely. Mastering this workflow allows you to diagnose and resolve elusive firmware faults long after a device has rebooted, transforming your remote debugging capabilities.
Breaking AES with an Oscilloscope
AES is a powerful encryption algorithm that protects some our most important secrets. But did you know that many devices are inadvertently leaking the value of their private key through their power pins?! Join me in this special preview of my upcoming workshop at the Embedded Systems Summit (14-16 October 2025 in San Jose, CA) as we explore the world of hardware security and discover just how easy it could be to break AES encryption with only an oscilloscope and some math.
Implementing State Machines
Stephen walks through a practical state machine example using a dish-washing analogy to expose common implementation pitfalls and fixes. Starting from a straightforward superloop design he shows how blocking loops, global state, and interrupt races can break behavior, then refactors the code to use scoped enums, non-blocking state actions, and a simple interrupt flag to make embedded state machines safer and more maintainable.
Going back to Germany!
A conference conversation turned into a return trip to Germany for Stephane Boucher, this time to visit SEGGER’s headquarters in Dusseldorf and produce videos. The post shares how a chance introduction at ESC Boston led to the invitation, and it teases coverage from SEGGER’s 25th anniversary celebration. He also invites local tips and customer questions before the trip.
You Don't Need an RTOS (Part 2)
In this second article, we'll tweak the simple superloop in three critical ways that will improve it's worst-case response time (WCRT) to be nearly as good as a preemptive RTOS ("real-time operating system"). We'll do this by adding task priorities, interrupts, and finite state machines. Additionally, we'll discuss how to incorporate a sleep mode when there's no work to be done and I'll also share with you a different variation on the superloop that can help schedule even the toughest of task sets.
Modeling Gate Drive Diodes
This is a short article about how to analyze the diode in some gate drive circuits when figuring out turn-off characteristics --- specifically, determining the relationship between gate drive current and gate voltage during turn-off of a power transistor.
R1C1R2C2: The Two-Pole Passive RC Filter
Jason Sachs walks through the math and simulation for the common two-pole passive RC filter, turning repetitive algebra into a compact reference you can reuse. He derives the closed-form transfer function, extracts the natural frequency and damping ratio, and explains why the topology cannot be underdamped without inductors or active stages. The post finishes with a state-space simulation recipe and practical component guidance.
Introduction to Microcontrollers - More On GPIO
Polarity matters: an output '1' does not always mean an LED lights, and inputs are just as picky. This post walks through LED driving basics, pull resistors for buttons, and practical bitwise techniques to read and write individual GPIO pins on AVR and STM32 boards. It also explains why polling rates and mechanical bounce make button handling trickier than it looks and what to watch for next.
Free Goodies from Embedded World - Full Inventory and Upcoming Draw Live-Streaming Date
Stephane came back from Embedded World with a massive haul of development kits, tools and swag and decided to give it away to multiple winners. Read the full inventory, learn how to enter by liking or sharing the LinkedIn and Twitter posts, and tune in Friday March 29 at 1pm EST on EmbeddedRelated.tv for the live draw where winners will pick their prizes.
Unit Tests for Embedded Code
Unit tests are one of the most effective ways to catch logic bugs early and protect embedded firmware against regressions. Stephen Friederichs explains why unit testing matters for microcontroller code, when to test, and the trade-offs between on-target and hosted approaches, with practical advice on stubbing, using the Check framework, simulators, and coverage tools to make testing realistic for embedded projects.
Finite State Machines (FSM) in Embedded Systems (Part 1) - There's a State in This Machine!
An introduction to state machines and their implementation. Working from an intuitive definition of the state machine concept, we will start with a straightforward implementation then we evolve it into a more robust and engineered solution.
BGA and QFP at Home 1 - A Practical Guide.
It's a myth that BGAs and fine-pitch QFPs can't be soldered at home. Victor Yurkovsky lays out a practical, no-frills approach for hobbyists to design and assemble FPGA boards using 2-layer PCBs, breakout modules, and low-cost reflow methods like toaster ovens or hotplates. The article focuses on manufacturable PCB choices, netlist-driven workflows, and power/decoupling tactics that make high-density parts approachable for amateurs.
You Don't Need an RTOS (Part 1)
In this first article, we'll compare our two contenders, the superloop and the RTOS. We'll define a few terms that help us describe exactly what functions a scheduler does and why an RTOS can help make certain systems work that wouldn't with a superloop. By the end of this article, you'll be able to: - Measure or calculate the deadlines, periods, and worst-case execution times for each task in your system, - Determine, using either a response-time analysis or a utilization test, if that set of tasks is schedulable using either a superloop or an RTOS, and - Assign RTOS task priorities optimally.
Visual Studio Code Extensions for Embedded Software Development
Visual Studio Code can be a solid embedded development environment, if you equip it with the right extensions. Jacob Beningo walks through tools for Cortex-M debugging, register and RTOS inspection, build system support, formatting, linting, and vendor-specific workflows. It is a practical tour of the extensions that help VS Code feel much less like a general-purpose editor and more like an embedded IDE.
From Baremetal to RTOS: A review of scheduling techniques
Jacob Beningo walks through five common embedded scheduling techniques, showing how each scales from a single super loop to a full RTOS. He highlights practical trade-offs for round-robin, interrupt-driven, queued, cooperative, and RTOS approaches so you can spot when timing becomes fragile and when added complexity is justified. This primer sets up the next post on when to adopt an RTOS.
Use DPLL to Lock Digital Oscillator to 1PPS Signal
Michael Morris demonstrates a practical DPLL that locks a Direct Digital Synthesizer to a GPS 1PPS signal, achieving sub-microsecond alignment and removing reference-oscillator frequency error. The design uses a Phase-Frequency Detector for 0 degree phase lock, a multiplier-free α-filter, and a limiter to prevent saturation, and includes coast and re-lock logic plus a synthesizable Verilog reference core.
